摘要
      众所周知，人为压力是环境中抗微生物耐药性（AMR）传播的关键驱动因素。特别是在基础设施薄弱的低收入国家，AMR的传播水平很高。因此，我们评估了2017年春季和2018年冬季地中海河口（n=72）黎巴嫩河流中抗生素耐药性细菌（ARB）和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的水平和多样性。方法：采用培养技术和高通量qPCR相结合的方法鉴定黎巴嫩海岸河流中的ARB和ARGs。结果：分离出耐多药的革兰氏阴性菌（肠杆菌属和假单胞菌属）和革兰氏阳性菌病原体。ARGs水平在冬季运动和人类活动频繁、人口增长和难民涌入的地区最高。结论：ARB的定性分析和黎巴嫩河口的耐药性分析揭示了致病菌的临界污染水平，并为ARG在受人类影响的河口的传播提供了重要信息。
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressure is known to be a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination in the environment. Especially in lower income countries, with poor infrastructure, the level of AMR dissemination is high. Therefore, we assessed the levels and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Lebanese rivers at estuaries’ sites (n = 72) of the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2017 and winter 2018. Methods: A combined approach using culture techniques and high throughput qPCR were applied to identify ARB and ARGs in rivers along the Lebanese coast. Results: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp.) and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens were isolated. Levels of ARGs were highest in the winter campaign and areas with high anthropogenic activities and population growth with an influx of refugees. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of ARB and the analysis of the Lebanese estuaries’ resistome revealed critical levels of contamination with pathogenic bacteria and provided significant information about the spread of ARGs in anthropogenically impacted estuaries.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/306