摘要
      本研究的目的是从“一个健康”的角度对匈牙利两种重要食用动物肠道微生物组中获得性抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）进行宏基因组学分析。从12头家猪（Sus scrofa）和一条普通鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）中采集肠道内容物样本。在Illumina平台上对从肠道样本中纯化的DNA进行霰弹枪宏基因组测序。应用ResFinder数据库检测组装的宏基因组重叠群中获得的ARGs。共鉴定出59种获得性ARG类型，51个基因来自家猪，12个基因来自鲤鱼肠道微生物组。ARG类型属于抗生素类氨基糖苷类（27.1%）、四环素类（25.4%）、β-内酰胺类（16.9%）等。在已鉴定的ARGs中，tet（E），一种blaOXA-48样β-内酰胺酶基因，以及cphA4、ampS、aadA2、qnrS2和sul1，仅在鲤鱼中鉴定，而在猪样本中未鉴定。检测到的几种获得性ARG尚未从匈牙利的食用动物身上进行描述。在匈牙利自由生活的野猪身上也发现了在家猪肠道微生物组中检测到的tet（Q）、tet（W）、tet（O）和mef（A）基因，这表明在家畜和野生动物种群中获得性ARGs的发生之间可能存在关系。
Abstract
The aim of this study was metagenomics analyses of acquired antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in the intestinal microbiome of two important food-animal species in Hungary from a One Health perspective. Intestinal content samples were collected from 12 domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) and from a common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of DNA purified from the intestinal samples was performed on the Illumina platform. The ResFinder database was applied for detecting acquired ARGs in the assembled metagenomic contigs. Altogether, 59 acquired ARG types were identified, 51 genes from domestic pig and 12 genes from the carp intestinal microbiome. ARG types belonged to the antibiotic classes aminoglycosides (27.1%), tetracyclines (25.4%), β-lactams (16.9%), and others. Of the identified ARGs, tet(E), a blaOXA-48-like β-lactamase gene, as well as cphA4, ampS, aadA2, qnrS2, and sul1, were identified only in carp but not in swine samples. Several of the detected acquired ARGs have not yet been described from food animals in Hungary. The tet(Q), tet(W), tet(O), and mef(A) genes detected in the intestinal microbiome of domestic pigs had also been identified from free-living wild boars in Hungary, suggesting a possible relationship between the occurrence of acquired ARGs in domestic and wild animal populations.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/10/1441