摘要

抗生素耐药性的迅速发展和增加是由于在人体诊所和动物饲养操作中广泛使用抗生素导致的全球现象。抗生素可以促进抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的出现，抗生素抗性基因可以通过水和食物链水平转移给人类和动物。在这项研究中，通过定量PCR监测家畜废物中ARG的存在和丰度。通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析了来自三个畜牧场和河流的编码核糖体保护蛋白（RPP）的多种细菌和四环素抗性基因。硫化物（I）的丰度比sul（II）的高103至105个数量级。在11个tet-ARG中，最丰富的是tet（O）。关于细菌多样性的结果表明，抗生素的存在可能会对每个地点的细菌多样性产生明显的影响，特别是在被调查的猪生产者。畜禽粪便对土壤细菌多样性的影响要强于水。此外，测序分析显示tet（M）显示两种基因型，而其他RPP编码基因显示至少三种基因型。这项研究表明，各种ARGs和RPPs编码基因在牲畜中特别普遍。

The rapid development and increase of antibiotic resistance are global phenomena resulting from the extensive use of antibiotics in human clinics and animal feeding operations. Antibiotics can promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can be transferred horizontally to humans and animals through water and the food chain. In this study, the presence and abundance of ARGs in livestock waste was monitored by quantitative PCR. A diverse set of bacteria and tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) from three livestock farms and a river were analyzed through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The abundance of sul(I) was 103 to 105 orders of magnitude higher than that of sul(II). Among 11 tet-ARGs, the most abundant was tet(O). The results regarding bacterial diversity indicated that the presence of antibiotics might have an evident impact on bacterial diversity at every site, particularly at the investigated swine producer. The effect of livestock waste on the bacterial diversity of soil was stronger than that of water. Furthermore, a sequencing analysis showed that tet(M) exhibited two genotypes, while the other RPPs-encoding genes exhibited at least three genotypes. This study showed that various ARGs and RPPs-encoding genes are particularly widespread among livestock.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03601234.2018.1438836