摘要

由于发展中国家对动物蛋白的需求增加，因此鼓励进行集约化养殖，导致动物源性产品产生抗生素残留，最终导致抗生素耐药性。由于与动物有关的抗生素抗性细菌可能对人类致病，易于通过食物链传播给人，并通过动物废物在环境中广泛传播，所以抗生素抗性具有重大公共卫生问题。这些可能会导致人类感染复杂，无法治疗和长期感染，导致更高的医疗成本，甚至导致死亡。在上述国家，由于在临床和农业环境中使用抗生素不合理，社会经济地位低下，卫生条件差和卫生状况不佳以及人畜共患细菌病原体没有经常培养，因此抗生素耐药性如此复杂和困难，以及他们对常用抗生素的抗性几乎没有调查（监测系统不佳）。随后的挑战是地方，国家，区域和国际方面的挑战，因为没有地理界限来阻止抗生素耐药性的传播。此外，通过对已发表的研究结果进行全面回顾，本研究所收集的信息强调了动物源性产品中抗生素的存在以及环境样品中多药耐药性的现象。因此，这需要加强指导抗生素制造，分配，分配和处方的规定，从而促进抗生素管理。需要全世界与国际机构进行联合合作，以协助发展中国家对抗生素使用和抗生素耐药性进行良好监测。

Due to the increased demand of animal protein in developing countries, intensive farming is instigated, which results in antibiotic residues in animal-derived products, and eventually, antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is of great public health concern because the antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with the animals may be pathogenic to humans, easily transmitted to humans via food chains, and widely disseminated in the environment via animal wastes. These may cause complicated, untreatable, and prolonged infections in humans, leading to higher healthcare cost and sometimes death. In the said countries, antibiotic resistance is so complex and difficult, due to irrational use of antibiotics both in the clinical and agriculture settings, low socioeconomic status, poor sanitation and hygienic status, as well as that zoonotic bacterial pathogens are not regularly cultured, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics are scarcely investigated (poor surveillance systems). The challenges that follow are of local, national, regional, and international dimensions, as there are no geographic boundaries to impede the spread of antibiotic resistance. In addition, the information assembled in this study through a thorough review of published findings, emphasized the presence of antibiotics in animal-derived products and the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in environmental samples. This therefore calls for strengthening of regulations that direct antibiotic manufacture, distribution, dispensing, and prescription, hence fostering antibiotic stewardship. Joint collaboration across the world with international bodies is needed to assist the developing countries to implement good surveillance of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.

http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/4/795