摘要

在华北地区进行了一项调查，以更好地了解猪饲养场抗生素残留污染对附近地下水环境的影响。选择位于北京，河北和天津的9个试验点，分析11种常用抗生素残留物的存在，包括四环素类（TC），氟喹诺酮类（FQNs），磺胺类药物（SAs），大环内酯类，和fenicols，通过使用液相色谱法。三种最常见的抗生素是TC，FQN和SA，废水样品中平均浓度为416.4,228.8和442.4μgL-1;猪场地下水样品中19.9,11.8和0.3μgL-1;和来自村庄的地下水样品中的29.7,14.0和0μgL-1。排序分析表明，猪圈和村庄地下水样品中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因（AGRs）的组成和分布相似。 FQNs和TCs沿着从废水到地下水的高浓度路径发生，并且与ARGs显示相关性，并且FQN抗性基因（qnrA）拷贝数之间具有强相关性。农村地下水和地下水中FQN浓度也显着（P <0.01）（P <0.01）。因此，通过废水从猪饲养场排出的抗生素可以与ARG发生（即qnrA，sulI，sulII，tetG，tetM和tetO）一起传播到周围的地下水环境中。总的来说，这项研究表明，通过限制多余的抗生素使用或改进粪肥管理技术，应该高度关注和控制兽医抗生素从猪场到地下水环境的扩散。

A survey was conducted in regions of North China to better understand the effect of antibiotic residue pollution from swine feedlots to nearby groundwater environment. A total of nine experimental sites located in the regions of Beijing, Hebei, and Tianjin were selected to analyze the presence of residues of 11 most commonly used antibiotics, including tetracyclines (TCs), fluoroquinolones (FQNs), sulfonamides (SAs), macrolides, and fenicols, by using liquid chromatography spectrometry. The three most common antibiotics were TCs, FQNs, and SAs, with mean concentrations of 416.4, 228.8, and 442.4 μg L−1 in wastewater samples; 19.9, 11.8, and 0.3 μg L−1 in groundwater samples from swine feedlots; and 29.7, 14.0, and 0 μg L−1 in groundwater samples from villages. Ordination analysis revealed that the composition and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (AGRs) were similar in groundwater samples from swine feedlots and villages. FQNs and TCs occurred along the path from wastewater to groundwater at high concentrations and showed correlations with ARGs, with a strong correlation between FQN resistance gene (qnrA) copy number. FQN concentration was also found (P < 0.01) in wastewater and groundwater in villages (P < 0.01). Therefore, antibiotics discharged from swine feedlots through wastewater could disseminate into surrounding groundwater environments together with ARG occurrence (i.e., qnrA, sulI, sulII, tetG, tetM, and tetO). Overall, this study suggests that the spread of veterinary antibiotics from swine feedlots to groundwater environments should be highly attended and controlled by restricting excess antibiotic usage or improving the technology of manure management.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-1339-1