摘要

畜牧业等集约化和大规模畜牧业的发展正在显着增加全球的粪肥数量。矿物质添加剂通常用于动物饲料，而重金属（卤素）（HMs）通过这些矿物质添加剂的不完全净化过程引入饲料中，这导致HM与肥料生产不可避免的环境污染。当这些含有毒金属的肥料用作肥料时，HMs积累在土壤和作物中，这进一步对人类健康和生态环境造成潜在风险。在这篇综述中，重点介绍了七种与人类活动有关的HM或经常包含在动物饲料中的HM，包括铜，锌，镉，铬，铅，汞和砷。总结了这些HMs的毒性和消除方法，以减少猪粪加入土壤时的HM毒性，即液固分离，吸附，生物浸出和堆肥。这次审查的最终目的是概述养猪场重金属的系统污染管理策略。

The development of intensive and large-scale livestock farming, such as pig husbandry, is significantly increasing the amount of manure globally. Mineral additives are commonly used in animal feed, and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) are introduced to the feed via incomplete purification processes of those mineral additives, which leads to inevitable environmental pollution by HMs in conjunction with manure production. When these toxic-metal-containing manures are used as fertilizer, the HMs accumulate in soils and crops, which further causes potential risks to human health and the ecological environment. In this review, the focus is on seven HMs that are related to human activities or frequently contained in animal feed, including copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and arsenic. The toxicities of these HMs and the elimination methods to reduce the HM toxicity of pig manure when it is added to soil, i.e., liquid–solid separation, adsorption, bioleaching, and composting, are summarized. The ultimate aim of this review is to outline the systematic pollution management strategies for HMs from pig farming.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-018-7300-2