摘要

抗生素耐药性的高发是全球公众健康关注的问题。更严重的是，环境中广泛的金属压力可能通过选择抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和金属抗性基因（MRG）来促进抗生素抗性的增殖。鉴于对ARG和MRG coselection缺乏全面的了解，本研究通过对大型完整基因组集合进行基因组分析，严格地研究了ARG和MRG之间的丰度关系和遗传连锁。与那些受到较少人为干扰的人相比，更多的ARG富含人类细菌。 ARG和MRG共同出现的特征要频繁得多，并且ARG和MRG之间的距离联系在人类病原体中比那些与人类相关的细菌要密切得多。此外，栖息地分区的共生结构明显不同，这可能归因于其独特的基因转移潜能。对人类病原体基因组的更多外源性ARGs和MRGs表明近期抗性获得对人体共生菌群的抗性发育的重要性。总体而言，该研究强调了与ARG和MRG同时选择环境和医学相关性相关的潜在风险。

The high frequency of antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern. More seriously, widespread metal pressure in the environment may facilitate the proliferation of antibiotic resistance via coselection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). Given the lack of comprehensive understanding of the ARG and MRG coselection, in this study both abundance relationship and genetic linkage between ARGs and MRGs were rigorously investigated by performing a genomic analysis of a large complete genome collection. Many more ARGs were enriched in human-associated bacteria compared with those subjected to less anthropogenic interference. The signatures of ARG and MRG co-occurrence were much more frequent and the distance linkages between ARGs and MRGs were much more intimate in human pathogens than those less human-associated bacteria. Moreover, the co-occurrence structures in the habitat divisions were significantly different, which could be attributed to their distinct gene transfer potentials. More exogenous ARGs and MRGs on the genomes of human pathogens indicated the importance of recent resistance acquisition in resistome development of human commensal flora. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential risk associated with ARG and MRG coselection of both environmental and medical relevance.

https://www.nature.com/articles/ismej2016155