摘要
      城市污水处理厂（MSTP）是抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的环境库，这引起了人们对环境健康的日益担忧。在本研究中，研究了不同废水处理工艺对四种MSTP中微生物抗生素耐药性的影响。PCR、q-PCR和分子克隆综合表明，活性污泥处理后四环素抗性（tet）基因显著降低。Illumina高通量测序显示，通过活性污泥处理，ARGs和移动元件基因（MGE）的广谱谱也大大降低了一个数量级，并且彼此密切相关。ARG与细菌群落之间的相关性表明，活性污泥法可以去除潜在的ARB，如不动杆菌、拟杆菌和克隆杆菌。沉淀过程不会显著影响细菌结构，导致第二澄清池出水中ARGs、MGEs和ARB的相对丰度与活性污泥相似。对与MGE和细菌结构相关的ARGs进行全面研究，可能对MSTP中的活性污泥设计和操作具有技术指导意义，以有目的地控制病原宿主携带的ARGs。
Abstract
Municipal sewage treatment plants (MSTPs) are environmental pools for antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which is cause for growing environmental-health concerns. In this study, the effects of different wastewater treatment processes on microbial antibiotic resistance in four MSTPs were investigated. PCR, q-PCR, and molecular cloning integrally indicated that the tetracycline resistance (tet) genes significantly reduced after activated-sludge treatment. Illumina high-throughput sequencing revealed that the broad-spectrum profile of ARGs and mobile element genes (MGEs) were also greatly decreased by one order of magnitude via activated sludge treatment and were closely associated with each other. Correlations between ARGs and bacterial communities showed that potential ARB, such as Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, and Cloaibacterium, were removed by the activated-sludge process. Sedimentation processes cannot significantly affect the bacterial structure, resulting in the relative abundance of ARGs, MGEs, and ARB in second-clarifier effluent water being similar to activated sludge. A comprehensive study of ARGs associated with MGEs and bacterial structure might be technologically guided for activated sludge design and operation in the MSTPs, to purposefully control ARGs carried by pathogenic hosts and mobility.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/4/3593