摘要
      抗生素发酵渣滓处理不当会造成抗生素和抗生素耐药性细菌释放到环境中的风险。因此，本研究评估了林可霉素发酵渣（LFDs）堆肥中添加生物炭的效果。生物炭提高了堆肥温度，增强了有机物的分解和残留抗生素的去除。此外，观察到抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和可移动遗传元件（MGE）减少了1.5至17.0倍。添加生物炭还降低了持久性ARG宿主（如链霉菌、假单胞菌）和ARG相关代谢途径和基因（如ATP结合盒2型转运、信号转导和多药外排泵基因）的丰度。相比之下，由于碳水化合物和氨基酸的代谢增强，堆肥的分解得到了改善。总的来说，在LFDs堆肥中添加生物炭可以减少ARGs的增殖，增强微生物群落的新陈代谢。这些结果表明，在LFD堆肥中添加生物炭是降低LFD堆肥相关风险的一种简单有效的方法。
Abstract
Improper disposal of antibiotic fermentation dregs poses a risk of releasing antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria to the environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of biochar addition to lincomycin fermentation dregs (LFDs) composting. Biochar increased compost temperature and enhanced organic matter decomposition and residual antibiotics removal. Moreover, a 1.5- to 17.0-fold reduction in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was observed. Adding biochar also reduced the abundances of persistent ARGs hosts (e.g., Streptomyces, Pseudomonas) and ARG-related metabolic pathways and genes (e.g., ATP-binding cassette type-2 transport, signal transduction and multidrug efflux pump genes). By contrast, compost decomposition improved due to enhanced metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. Overall, adding biochar into LFDs compost reduced the proliferation of ARGs and enhanced microbial community metabolism. These results demonstrate that adding biochar to LFDs compost is a simple and efficient way to decrease risks associated with LFDs composting.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852422015863