摘要
      抗生素发酵残留物是制药公司可持续经营的关键问题，其处置不当可能导致抗生素耐药性在环境中转移。然而，人们对这种药物废物的资源回收策略知之甚少。在此，我们使用水热喷雾干燥（HT+SD）和多板干燥器（MD）方法生产生物有机肥料，并将其应用于田间试验的内部回收模型。生物肥料、废水和废气中抗生素（青霉素、头孢菌素和红霉素）的浓度分别在0.002–0.68 mg/kg、≤0.35 ng/mL和0.03–0.89 ng/mL范围内。有机质和总氮、磷和钾的含量分别约为80%和10%。在同一作物种植中，不同施肥处理的土壤细菌群落相似。共检测到233个抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和43个可移动遗传元件（MGE），包括7个一级ARGs和5个二级ARGs。随机森林分析表明，acc（3）-Via基因和trb-C质粒是生物标志物，其抗性和转移机制分别为抗生素失活和结合。研究结果表明，AFR循环处理模式在医药废物管理中具有广阔的前景。
Abstract
Antibiotic fermentation residue is a key issue for the sustainable operation of pharmaceutical companies, and its improper disposal may cause antibiotic resistance transfer in the environment. However, little is known about the resource recycling strategy of this pharmaceutical waste. Herein, we used hydrothermal spray-dried (HT+SD) and multi-plate dryer (MD) methods to produce bio-organic fertilizers and applied them to an internal recycling model of a field trial. The concentrations of antibiotics (penicillin, cephalosporin, and erythromycin) in the bio-fertilizer, wastewater, and exhaust gas were in the range of 0.002–0.68 mg/kg, ≤ 0.35 ng/mL, and 0.03–0.89 ng/mL, respectively. The organic matter and total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were approximately 80% and 10%, respectively. The soil bacterial community was similar among the fertilizer treatments in the same crop cultivation. A total of 233 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and 43 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected, including seven Rank I ARGs and five Rank II ARGs. Random forest analysis showed that gene acc(3)-Via and plasmid trb-C were biomarkers, for which the resistance and the transfer mechanisms were antibiotic inactivation and conjugation, respectively. The results imply that AFR recycling disposal mode is a promising prospect for pharmaceutical waste management.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422025018