摘要

现代世界抗生素耐药性的普遍存在已经引起全球对公共卫生的担忧。建立抗生素使用和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）之间的关系，对于理解ARG在人类受影响的环境中的传播和累积至关重要。在这项研究中，使用宏基因组学方法分析了来自牛蛙农场的沉积物中的ARG谱，其中青霉素和阿莫西林（β-内酰胺）和庆大霉素（氨基糖苷）用于预防目的。胞外和胞内DNA（eDNA和iDNA）的分析表明，使用上述抗生素导致ARGs的复杂污染不仅与β-内酰胺和氨基糖苷类相关，而且与磺胺类，四环素类和大环内酯类相关。牛蛙农场沉积物中的大多数ARGs很可能由质粒携带。观察到ARG相关质粒的总丰度与携带质粒的ARG的总丰度之间的显着相关性。可能存在于牛蛙养殖场沉积物中的质粒约有85％具有至少3种ARG亚型，这赋予细菌宿主对不同抗生素种类的抗性。我们的研究结果表明抗生素可能导致复杂的ARGs污染与那些由于质粒中ARGs的并发而施用的ARGs无关。

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the modern world has raised global concerns for public health. Establishing relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to understanding the dissemination and accumulation of ARGs in a human-impacted environment. In this study, ARG profiles in the sediments from a bullfrog farm, where penicillin and amoxicillin (beta-lactams) and gentamicin (aminoglycoside) were used for prophylactic purposes, were analyzed usingmetagenomic approaches. Analysis of both extracellular and intracellular DNA (eDNA and iDNA) demonstrated that use of the above-mentioned antibiotics led to complex pollution of ARGs not only related to beta-lactams and aminoglycoside but also to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Most of the ARGs in the sediments from the bullfrog farm were likely carried by plasmids. A significant correlation was observed between the total abundance of ARG-related plasmids and that of plasmid-carrying ARGs. Approximately 85% of the plasmids likely present in the sediment from the bullfrog farm possessed at least 3 ARG subtypes, which conferred the resistance of bacterial hosts to different antibiotic categories. Our results suggest that antibiotics could lead to complex pollution of ARGs unrelated to those administered due to the concurrence of ARGs in the plasmids.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135418301027