摘要
      废水和紧急排水口附近的海岸沉积物通常是药物化合物和其他有机和无机污染物的汇，这些污染物可能会影响微生物群落。这些污染物的代谢产物影响微生物多样性及其代谢过程，对生态系统功能产生不良影响，因此需要了解其组成和功能。在本次调查中，我们通过全基因组喷枪测序研究了12个沿海表层沉积物的宏基因组。对基因进行分类装箱预测，约86%为细菌，1%为古菌，0.001%为病毒和真核生物，12%为其他群落。优势细菌属、古菌属和真菌属分别为Woeseia属、Nitrosopumilus属和Rhizophagus属。最流行的病毒家族是Myoviridae和Siphoviridae，T4病毒是最主要的噬菌体。单基因进一步与26簇直向同源基因（COG）和5类碳水化合物活性酶（CAZy）对齐。糖苷水解酶（GH）和糖苷转移酶（GT）是最高记录的酶。京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）3级功能被嘌呤代谢>ABC转运蛋白>氧化磷酸化>双组分系统>嘧啶代谢>丙酮酸代谢>群体感应>碳固定途径>核糖体>以及乙二酸酯和二羧酸盐代谢所征服。还观察到了与质粒、整合子、插入序列和抗生素抗性基因结盟的序列。分类和功能丰度都表现出相对丰度的变化，空间变异性有限（ANOVA p>0.05；ANOSIM-0.05，p>0.05）。这项研究强调了科威特海洋沉积物中的主要微生物群落和功能基因，作为未来生物监测计划的基线。
Abstract
Coastal sediments in the proximity of wastewater and emergency outfalls are often sinks of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic and inorganic contaminants that are likely to affect the microbial community. The metabolites of these contaminants affect microbial diversity and their metabolic processes, resulting in undesirable effects on ecosystem functioning, thus necessitating the need to understand their composition and functions. In the present investigation, we studied the metagenomes of 12 coastal surface sediments through whole genome shot-gun sequencing. Taxonomic binning of the genes predicted about 86% as bacteria, 1% as archaea, >0.001% as viruses and Eukaryota, and 12% as other communities. The dominant bacterial, archaeal, and fungal genera were Woeseia, Nitrosopumilus, and Rhizophagus, respectively. The most prevalent viral families were Myoviridae and Siphoviridae, and the T4 virus was the most dominant bacteriophage. The unigenes further aligned to 26 clusters of orthologous genes (COGs) and five carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) classes. Glycoside hydrolases (GH) and glycoside transferase (GT) were the highest-recorded CAzymes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) level 3 functions were subjugated by purine metabolism > ABC transporters > oxidative phosphorylation > two-component system > pyrimidine metabolism > pyruvate metabolism > quorum sensing > carbon fixation pathways > ribosomes > and glyoxalate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Sequences allying with plasmids, integrons, insertion sequences and antibiotic-resistance genes were also observed. Both the taxonomies and functional abundances exhibited variation in relative abundances, with limited spatial variability (ANOVA p > 0.05; ANOSIM-0.05, p > 0.05). This study underlines the dominant microbial communities and functional genes in the marine sediments of Kuwait as a baseline for future biomonitoring programs.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/531