摘要
      厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBRs）正成为越来越有吸引力的工业废水处理基础。屠宰场废水尤其是具有高能量回收潜力的复杂废物流。然而，基于厌氧膜生物反应器处理此类废水的有效性直接取决于其功能微生物群落的适应性。本研究调查了引入家禽屠宰场废水（PSW）源后，实验室规模的AnMBR的微生物群落的变化。这项工作还评估了AnMBR的出水中潜在的致病菌和抗生素耐药性相关元素。COD去除率达到96%，沼气甲烷含量达到73%，使系统的净能量回收成为可能。在PSW处理过程中，反应器生物量的微生物群落发生了显著变化，Syntrophaceae家族的相对丰度从2%增加到24%。这伴随着主要产甲烷基团的变化，从氢营养的（甲烷菌群）到乙酰乙酸碎屑的（甲烷诺菌群）。在污水中检测到的多种抗生素抗性基因（包括sul1、sul2和ampC）在引入PSW后立即达到一个数量级以上的峰值，此后显著下降。这与intI1的类似峰值一致，表明可能诱导了水平基因转移事件。这项工作深入了解了可以通过AnMBR提高PSW可治疗性的微生物群，同时也提高了减少新出现的微生物风险的潜力。
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) are becoming an increasingly attractive basis for industrial wastewater treatment. Slaughterhouse wastewaters in particular are complex waste streams that have high energy recovery potential. The effectiveness of AnMBR-based treatment for such wastewaters, however, is directly dependent on the adaptability of their functional microbial communities. The present study investigated changes in the microbial consortia of a lab-scale AnMBR upon introduction of a poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) source. The work also evaluated the AnMBR’s effluent for potentially pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance-related elements. 96% COD removal and 73% biogas methane content were achieved, making net energy recovery from the system possible. Microbial communities of the reactor biomass shifted notably during the course of PSW treatment, with the family Syntrophaceae increasing in relative abundance from 2% to 24%. This was accompanied by a change in the dominant methanogenic groups from hydrogenotrophic (Methanocorpusculum) to acetoclastic (Methanothrix). Multiple antibiotic resistance genes detected in the effluent (including sul1, sul2, and ampC) peaked by over an order of magnitude immediately after PSW introduction, with a notable decline thereafter. This coincided with a similar peak in intI1, suggesting that a horizontal gene transfer event was likely induced. This work provides insight into the microbial groups that can enhance treatability of PSW by AnMBR while also advancing the potential for abatement of emerging microbial risks.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1369703X23000426