摘要
      动物和食物来源被视为多药耐药性（MDR）微生物向人类的潜在传播途径。埃希氏菌。大肠杆菌在食品工业中经常被用作粪便污染的指标，并且被称为抗微生物耐药性基因（ARGs）的库。微生物污染是家禽和蛋业的主要后果，也是一个严重的公共卫生问题。在本研究中，我们对2019年在葡萄牙采集的60份种鸡和蛋鸡粪便样本中的β-葡糖苷酶阳性大肠杆菌进行了定量。评估了系统发育和病理型特征、抗菌药物敏感性以及耐药超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因的检测。通过实时PCR评估ESBL基因的系统发育和致病特征以及检测，并使用圆盘扩散法评估抗菌药物的敏感性。总体而言，种鸡的大肠杆菌定量为6.03 log CFU/g，蛋鸡的大肠杆菌量化为6.02 log CFU/g。最常见的门群是B1。没有一个分离株被归类为腹泻性大肠杆菌（DEC）。总的来说，57%的分离株显示MDR，3.8%的分离株ESBL阳性。我们的研究强调，消费者可能接触耐多药大肠杆菌，这对食品安全和公众健康构成重大危害。
Abstract
Animal and food sources are seen as a potential transmission pathway of multi-drug resistance (MDR) micro-organisms to humans. Escherichia. coli is frequently used as an indicator of fecal contamination in the food industry and known as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Microbial contamination as a major outcome for the poultry and egg industry and is a serious public health problem. In the present study we performed the quantification of β-glucoronidase positive E. coli in 60 fecal samples of breeding and laying hens collected in Portugal in 2019. Phylogenetic and pathotypic characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility, and detection of resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were assessed. The phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization and detection of ESBL genes were assessed by real-time PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Overall, E. coli quantification was 6.03 log CFU/g in breeding hens and 6.02 log CFU/g in laying hens. The most frequent phylogroups were B1. None of the isolates was classified as diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). In total, 57% of the isolates showed MDR and 3.8% were positive for ESBL. Our study highlights that consumers may be exposed to MDR E. coli, presenting a major hazard to food safety and a risk to public health.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/20