摘要
      购物中心为微生物种群提供了各种生态位，有可能成为公共卫生问题微生物传播的来源和蓄水池。然而，关于微生物组和人类病原体在商场中的分布的知识在很大程度上是未知的。在这里，我们检测了来自购物中心地板和自动扶梯表面以及邻近道路灰尘和绿地土壤的微生物群落动态和潜在病原体的基因型。微生物群落的分布模式主要受栖息地和季节的驱动。室内环境中人类相关微生物群的显著富集表明，人类与表面的相互作用可能是微生物群的另一个强大驱动因素。中性群落模型表明，微生物群落的组装是由随机过程强烈驱动的。微生物分类特征在环境分类中的独特表现表明，不同季节/栖息地的微生物群落存在一致的差异，以及人为因素对购物中心微生物群落均质化的强烈影响。室内环境中携带的人类病原体浓度高于室外样本，也携带了高比例的抗微生物耐药性相关的多药外排基因和毒力基因。这些发现增强了对建筑环境中微生物组以及人类与建筑环境之间相互作用的理解，为追踪生物威胁和传染病以及开发复杂的预警系统提供了基础。
ABSTRACT
Shopping malls offer various niches for microbial populations, potentially serving as sources and reservoirs for the spread of microorganisms of public health concern. However, knowledge about the microbiome and the distribution of human pathogens in malls is largely unknown. Here, we examine the microbial community dynamics and genotypes of potential pathogens from floor and escalator surfaces in shopping malls and adjacent road dusts and greenbelt soils. The distribution pattern of microbial communities is driven primarily by habitats and seasons. A significant enrichment of human-associated microbiota in the indoor environment indicates that human interactions with surfaces might be another strong driver for mall microbiomes. Neutral community models suggest that the microbial community assembly is strongly driven by stochastic processes. Distinct performances of microbial taxonomic signatures for environmental classifications indicate the consistent differences of microbial communities of different seasons/habitats and the strong anthropogenic effect on homogenizing microbial communities of shopping malls. Indoor environments harbored higher concentrations of human pathogens than outdoor samples, also carrying a high proportion of antimicrobial resistance-associated multidrug efflux genes and virulence genes. These findings enhanced the understanding of the microbiome in the built environment and the interactions between humans and the built environment, providing a basis for tracking biothreats and communicable diseases and developing sophisticated early warning systems.

https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/msystems.00576-22