摘要

新兴的抗微生物药物耐药性是21世纪人类健康的主要威胁。要理解和解决这个问题，需要对抗生素耐药基因的流行情况及其与细菌群体的相关性的现状进行充分和公正的评估。在已知为抗微生物耐药基因储库的水生环境中，我们能够在质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）基因上实现这一目标，这些基因导致对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性，并可能导致对β-内酰胺类抗药性的共同出现。新的研究结果表明，qepA和aac-（6'） - Ib基因以前被认为与qnr基因同样丰富，现在在水生环境中的PMQR基因中占主导地位。进一步的统计分析表明，PMQR与环境中β-内酰胺抗性基因之间的相关性仍然很弱，通过足够的废水处理可以减弱抗微生物剂抗性基因之间的相关性，并且PMQR的发病率已经涉及环境，致病性，掠夺性，无氧性，更重要的是人类共生细菌。这项工作提供了中国济南水生环境中PMQR基因的综合分析，并提供了可能与抗生素耐药性问题进行斗争的信息。

Emerging antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human’s health in the 21st century. Understanding and combating this issue requires a full and unbiased assessment of the current status on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes and their correlation with each other and bacterial groups. In aquatic environments that are known reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes, we were able to reach this goal on plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes that lead to resistance to quinolones and possibly also to the co-emergence of resistance to β-lactams. Novel findings were made that qepA and aac-(6′)-Ib genes that were previously regarded as similarly abundant withqnr genes are now dominant among PMQR genes in aquatic environments. Further statistical analysis suggested that the correlation between PMQR and β-lactam resistance genes in the environment is still weak, that the correlations between antimicrobial resistance genes could be weakened by sufficient wastewater treatment, and that the prevalence of PMQR has been implicated in environmental, pathogenic, predatory, anaerobic, and more importantly, human symbiotic bacteria. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of PMQR genes in aquatic environments in Jinan, China, and provides information with which combat with the antimicrobial resistance problem may be fought.

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep40610