摘要

几十年来，抗生素已被广泛用于人类治疗和农业生产。 由于高比例的抗生素从人体或动物身体排出而不降解，这意味着不同的生境，从人体到河水或土壤，都被抗生素污染。 在这种情况下，预计不同生态系统中存在的这种类型的微生物抑制剂的可变浓度可能影响殖民地这种栖息地的微生物群的结构和生产力。 这种效应可能发生在不同的水平，包括人口总体结构的变化，耐药生物的选择或细菌生理学的改变。 在这篇综述中，我将讨论现有的有关抗生素如何改变微生物群落的信息，以及这种改变对人类健康和不同生境中微生物群活动的影响。

Antibiotics have been widely used for a number of decades for human therapy and farming production. Since a high percentage of antibiotics are discharged from the human or animal body without degradation, this means that different habitats, from the human body to river water or soils, are polluted with antibiotics. In this situation, it is expected that the variable concentration of this type of microbial inhibitor present in different ecosystems may affect the structure and the productivity of the microbiota colonizing such habitats. This effect can occur at different levels, including changes in the overall structure of the population, selection of resistant organisms, or alterations in bacterial physiology. In this review, I discuss the available information on how the presence of antibiotics may alter the microbiota and the consequences of such alterations for human health and for the activity of microbiota from different habitats.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5247793/