摘要
塑料是持久的合成聚合物，在海洋环境中积聚成废物。微弹性（MP）颗粒来源于较大碎片的分解或可以作为微观碎片进入环境。由于过滤饲养生物在饲喂时摄入MP，它们很可能受到MP污染的影响。为了评估聚苯乙烯微球（微PS）对太平洋牡蛎生理学的影响，将成年牡蛎实验性地暴露于原始微PS（直径2和6μm; 0.023mg·L-1）生殖周期。研究了生理生态参数、细胞、转录组和蛋白质组反应、繁殖力和后代发育的影响。牡蛎优先摄取2微米直径颗粒上的6-μm微PS。暴露牡蛎中微藻的消耗和吸收效率显着较高，这表明消化参数具有代偿性和物理效应。 2个月后，裸露的牡蛎卵母细胞数量（-38％），直径（-5％）和精子速度（-23％）显着下降。与对照后代相比，来自暴露亲本的后代的D-幼虫产量和幼虫发育分别降低了41％和18％。动态能量预算模型在转录组学图谱的支持下，表明能源分配从生殖到结构增长的重大转变，以及暴露牡蛎维持成本提高，这被认为是干扰能量吸收造成的。内分泌干扰的分子特征也被揭示，但在生物样品中未发现内分泌干扰物。这项研究提供的证据表明，微PS导致喂养改变和牡蛎繁殖中断，对后代产生重大影响。

Plastics are persistent synthetic polymers that accumulate as waste in the marine environment. Microplastic (MP) particles are derived from the breakdown of larger debris or can enter the environment as microscopic fragments. Because filter-feeder organisms ingest MP while feeding, they are likely to be impacted by MP pollution. To assess the impact of polystyrene microspheres (micro-PS) on the physiology of the Pacific oyster, adult oysters were experimentally exposed to virgin micro-PS (2 and 6 µm in diameter; 0.023 mg·L−1) for 2 mo during a reproductive cycle. Effects were investigated on ecophysiological parameters; cellular, transcriptomic, and proteomic responses; fecundity; and offspring development. Oysters preferentially ingested the 6-µm micro-PS over the 2-µm-diameter particles. Consumption of microalgae and absorption efficiency were significantly higher in exposed oysters, suggesting compensatory and physical effects on both digestive parameters. After 2 mo, exposed oysters had significant decreases in oocyte number (−38%), diameter (−5%), and sperm velocity (−23%). The D-larval yield and larval development of offspring derived from exposed parents decreased by 41% and 18%, respectively, compared with control offspring. Dynamic energy budget modeling, supported by transcriptomic profiles, suggested a significant shift of energy allocation from reproduction to structural growth, and elevated maintenance costs in exposed oysters, which is thought to be caused by interference with energy uptake. Molecular signatures of endocrine disruption were also revealed, but no endocrine disruptors were found in the biological samples. This study provides evidence that micro-PS cause feeding modifications and reproductive disruption in oysters, with significant impacts on offspring.

http://www.pnas.org/content/113/9/2430.short