摘要

从动物饲养场到附近环境的抗生素抗性基因（ARG），人类致病菌（HPB）和抗生素抗性HPB（ARHPB）的传播对环境生态和公共健康构成潜在的高风险。在这里，采用宏基因组分析来探讨ARG，HPB和ARHPB从猪饲养场到周围河流和农业土壤的传播。总共检测不到（ND）-1,628.4μg/ kg抗生素残留物，18种ARGs，48种HPB种类和216种ARB分离株。来自猪饲养场的抗生素残留物主要迁移到溪流沉积物和温室土壤中。来自猪饲养场的主要ARG和HPB物种扩散到溪流沉积物（四环素抗性基因，艰难梭菌和结核分枝杆菌），溪水（多药耐药性（MDR）基因，福氏志贺菌和百日咳博德特氏菌）和温室土壤（MDR基因） ，Bacillus anthracis和Brucella melitensis）。值得注意的是，来自所有样品的216种ARB分离株中54.4％是潜在的ARHPB种类，4种MDR HPB分离株的基因组测序和功能注释显示9种ARG类型。我们的研究结果揭示了通过猪污水排放和粪肥施肥，从猪饲养场到周围河流和农业土壤的抗生素残留物，ARG，HPB和ARHPB的潜在迁移和传播。

The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), human pathogenic bacteria (HPB), and antibiotic-resistant HPB (ARHPB) from animal feedlot to nearby environment poses a potentially high risk to environmental ecology and public health. Here, a metagenomic analysis was employed to explore the dissemination of ARGs, HPB, and ARHPB from a pig feedlot to surrounding stream and agricultural soils. In total, not detectable (ND)-1,628.4 μg/kg of antibiotic residues, 18 types of ARGs, 48 HPB species, and 216 ARB isolates were detected in all samples. Antibiotic residues from pig feedlot mainly migrated into stream sediments and greenhouse soil. The dominant ARGs and HPB species from pig feedlot spread into stream sediments (tetracycline resistance genes, Clostridium difficile, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), stream water (multidrug resistance (MDR) genes, Shigella flexneri, and Bordetella pertussis), and greenhouse soil (MDR genes, Bacillus anthracis, and Brucella melitensis). It is concerning that 54.4% of 216 ARB isolates from all samples were potential ARHPB species, and genome sequencing and functional annotation of 4 MDR HPB isolates showed 9 ARG types. Our findings revealed the potential migration and dissemination of antibiotic residues, ARGs, HPB, and ARHPB from pig feedlot to surrounding stream and agricultural soils via pig sewage discharge and manure fertilization.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389418304205