摘要

随着越来越多的国家进行有意或无意的水再利用，迫切需要更全面地评估由此产生的环境和公共卫生问题。虽然抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）越来越受到关注，但作为新出现的污染物，现有的水再利用法规和指南并未充分解决这些问题。这篇观点文章旨在确定需要解决的各种挑战，以确定有意义和现实的目标类型和水再利用的抗生素抗性基准水平。首先，需要标准化和商定的方法来识别和量化ARB和ARG。其次，即使有方法可用，确定哪些ARB和ARG监测哪种最能与疾病负担的发生相关仍然是未知的。第三，迫切需要一种适合于在重用期间评估与ARB和ARG相关的风险的框架。第四，与保护饮用水源类似，需要采取措施防止通过废水处理和再利用传播ARB和ARG，以确保安置适当的屏障。最后，目前的废水处理技术可以从改造或改造中受益，以更有效地去除ARB和ARG，同时还生产用于水和资源回收的高质量产品。这篇观点文章强调了在评估水再利用的总体安全方面以及实现这一目标的方法时，需要考虑ARB和ARG。

As more countries engage in water reuse, either intended or de facto, there is an urgent need to more comprehensively evaluate resulting environmental and public health concerns. While antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly coming under the spotlight, as emerging contaminants, existing water reuse regulations and guidelines do not adequately address these concerns. This perspectives paper seeks to frame the various challenges that need to be resolved to identify meaningful and realistic target types and levels of antibiotic resistance benchmarks for water reuse. First, there is the need for standardized and agreed-upon methodologies to identify and quantify ARB and ARGs. Second, even if methodologies are available, identifying which ARB and ARGs to monitor that would best relate to the occurrence of disease burden remains unknown. Third, a framework tailored to assessing the risks associated with ARB and ARGs during reuse is urgently needed. Fourth, similar to protecting drinking water sources, strategies to prevent dissemination of ARB and ARGs via wastewater treatment and reuse are required to ensure that appropriate barriers are emplaced. Finally, current wastewater treatment technologies could benefit from modification or retrofit to more effectively remove ARB and ARGs while also producing a high quality product for water and resource recovery. This perspectives paper highlights the need to consider ARB and ARGs when evaluating the overall safety aspects of water reuse and ways by which this may be accomplished.

http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/3/244/htm