摘要

本研究的重点是在中国施用动物粪肥的蔬菜农场土壤中发现17种兽用抗生素和6种抗性细菌。 2016年8月在四省采集的53个土壤样品中，采用高效液相色谱/串联质谱仪检测了17种兽药抗生素，包括磺胺类，喹诺酮类，四环素类，大环内酯类和安非他命类。土壤样品中目标抗生素浓度不等。从无法检测到415.00μg/ kg干重，五个等级的平均残留水平依次为：四环素（82.75μg/ kg）>喹诺酮（12.78μg/ kg）>大环内酯类（12.24μg/ kg）>磺胺类（2.61μg） / kg）> amphenicols（0.06μg/ kg）。此外，抗生素水平最高的主要是有机蔬菜农场的土壤。采用风险商法进行风险评估，认为土霉素，金霉素，恩诺沙星和环丙沙星可能对采样土壤造成严重的生态风险。在30个样品中分离出抗性菌株，大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌发现具有抗性基因的显性细菌宿主。抗菌抗性基因，包括tetA，tetB，qnrS，oqxA，sul1，sul2，ermA和floR，分别在对四环素，喹诺酮，磺酰胺，大环内酯类和苯酚类抗药性有抗性的菌株中检测到。总体而言，抗生素风险评估结果与土壤中分离菌株的抗性基因检测结果存在相关性。

This study focused on the occurrence of seventeen veterinary antibiotics and six resistant bacterias in soils from the vegetable farms fertilized with animal manure in China. Seventeen veterinary antibiotics, including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides and amphenicols, were detected by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer in all the 53 soil samples collected in four provinces during August 2016. The concentrations of target antibiotics in the soil samples ranged from not detectable to 415.00 μg/kg dry weight with the mean residual levels of the five classes followed order: tetracyclines (82.75 μg/kg) > quinolones (12.78 μg/kg) > macrolides (12.24 μg/kg) > sulfonamides (2.61 μg/kg) > amphenicols (0.06 μg/kg). Moreover, the highest antibiotic levels were found mainly in soil from organic vegetable farms. Risk assessment by using the methods of risk quotient, suggested that oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin could pose severe ecological risk in sampled soils. Resistant strains were isolated in 30 samples, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia found the dominant bacterial hosts with resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance genes, including tetA, tetB, qnrS, oqxA, sul1, sul2, ermA and floR, were detected in the strains resistant to: tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, macrolides and amphenicols resistance, respectively. Overall, there was a correlation between the results of antibiotic risk assessment with the detection of resistance genes from isolated strains in the soils.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30317094