摘要

太湖是中国第三大淡水湖，也是农业，工业部门和几个大城市饮用水的重要水资源。在这项研究中，在从泰湖采集的水和沉积物样品中研究了五种抗生素抗性基因（sul1，blaTEM，blaNDM-1，blaCTX-M-32，mcr-1）的出现。抗生素耐药性目前正在增加，对公众健康构成重大威胁。在所有分析的水和沉积物样品中，磺酰胺抗性基因sul1非常丰富。此外，在67.1％和7.3％的水样以及70.7％和15.4％的沉积物样本中检测到两种β-内酰胺酶基因blaTEM和blaNDM-1 - 编码临床相关的抗生素抗性。第三个β-内酰胺酶基因blaCTX-M-32仅在水样中检测到（13.4％），而在任何样品中均未检测到粘菌素抗性基因mcr-1。没有观察到不同采样点或时间点之间的显着变化。利用湖水作为进水，对太湖饮用水处理的调查显示，通过处理过程，抗生素抗性基因显着减少。微生物源追踪显示人类，反刍动物和猪只有低粪便污染，表明其他来源如养鱼场的相关性。总体而言，我们的研究结果为太湖水系抗生素抗性基因的发生和丰度提供了重要的见解，并通过饮用水处理消除了这些基因。

Lake Tai is China's third largest freshwater lake and an important water resource for agriculture, industrial sectors, and as drinking water for several large cities. In this study, the occurrence of five antibiotic resistance genes (sul1, blaTEM, blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-32, mcr-1) was investigated in water and sediment samples collected from Lake Tai. Antibiotic resistances are currently increasing, posing a significant threat to public health. The sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 was highly abundant in all analyzed water and sediment samples. In addition, the two β-lactamase genes blaTEMand blaNDM-1 - encoding clinically relevant antibiotic resistances - were detected in 67.1 and 7.3% of the water samples and in 70.7 and 15.4% of the sediment samples. The third β-lactamase gene, blaCTX-M-32, was only detected in water samples (13.4%), while the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was not detected in any of the samples. No significant variations between different sampling sites or time points could be observed. The investigation of drinking water treatment at Lake Tai, using lake water as influent, showed a significant reduction of the antibiotic resistance genes through the treatment process. Microbial source tracking showed only low fecal contamination by humans, ruminants, and pigs, indicating the relevance of other sources such as fish farms. Overall, our results provide important insights into the occurrence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the Lake Tai water system and their elimination via drinking water treatment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30471602