摘要

过量使用广谱抗生素控制人类和植物病原菌，大大加速了细菌和真菌之间的抗生素耐药性的发展。因此，有必要采用新的方法来控制植物致病性疾病的爆发以及人类多药耐药病原体的爆发。许多由芽孢杆菌和拟杆菌属产生的聚酮类（pks）和脂酯类（lps）被描述为抗菌剂，可作为抗人类病原体药物和农业中控制植物病原体的可持续生物有机产品。本文综述了已知的芽孢杆菌和拟杆菌分泌的pks的分类和生化结构，以及核糖体和非核糖体合成的肽，它们的功能特征，参与产生的基因簇，以及这些代谢物的作用方式。

Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics to control human and plant pathogens greatly accelerated the development of antibiotic resistance among bacteria and fungi. Therefore, usage of new approaches is necessary to control outbreaks of phytopathogenic diseases as well as multidrug-resistant human pathogens. Many of the polyketides (PKs) and lipopetides (LPs) produced by Bacillus and Paenibacillus species have been described as antimicrobial agents that can be potentially applied as sustainable bio-organic products in medicine against human pathogens and in agriculture for controlling plant pathogens. The present review provides a general information about the classification and biochemical structure of known Bacillus- and Paenibacillus-secreted PKs, as well as ribosomally and nonribosomally synthesized peptides, their functional features, gene clusters involved in their production, and the mode of action of these metabolites.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30603850