摘要

感染细菌的病毒，称为噬菌体，是地球上最丰富的生物实体。它们通过噬菌体介导的杀灭以及通过形成细菌溶原菌在控制细菌群体中发挥关键作用。在这种形式中，噬菌体的存活取决于其所在的细菌宿主的存活。因此，噬菌体有利于编码有助于细菌适应性并扩展环境生态位的基因。在许多情况下，这些适应性因子也使细菌能够更好地在人类感染中存活，因此被认为是发病机理或毒力因子。编码这些健身因子的基因，被称为“白痴”，已被证明通过广泛的机制增加细菌适应性，并在细菌疾病中发挥重要作用。本综述概述了噬菌体白痴在细菌生命的各个方面提供的益处，包括噬菌体和抗生素抗性，运动性，粘附和群体感应。

The viruses that infect bacteria, known as phages, are the most abundant biological entity on earth. They play critical roles in controlling bacterial populations through phage-mediated killing, as well as through formation of bacterial lysogens. In this form, the survival of the phage depends on the survival of the bacterial host in which it resides. Thus, it is advantageous for phages to encode genes that contribute to bacterial fitness and expand the environmental niche. In many cases, these fitness factors also make the bacteria better able to survive in human infections and are thereby considered pathogenesis or virulence factors. The genes that encode these fitness factors, known as "morons," have been shown to increase bacterial fitness through a wide range of mechanisms and play important roles in bacterial diseases. This review outlines the benefits provided by phage morons in various aspects of bacterial life, including phage and antibiotic resistance, motility, adhesion and quorum sensing.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30635074