摘要

基于PNP的环境行为，使用根据其相关性选择的水生生物评估具有不同表面化学（中等和疏水）的2种聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）基塑料纳米颗粒（PNP）的吸收和毒性。使用细乳液聚合方法合成86nm至125nm的纯聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）（中等; PMMA PNP）和聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯 - 共 - 硬脂基甲基丙烯酸酯）共聚物（疏水; PMMA-PSMA PNP）。还使用单体7- [4-（三氟甲基）香豆素]丙烯酰胺合成每种PNP的荧光类似物并进行研究。 Daphnia magna，Corophium volutator和Vibrio fischeri被用于一系列标准的急性生态毒性测试，暴露于3种不同的环境现实浓度（0.01 mg / L，0.1 mg / L和1.0 mg / L）的PNP和高浓度500 mg / L至1000 mg / L.此外，使用沉积物重组试验测定了PN vol在PN中的亚致死效应，并且在D. magna中研究了荧光PNP的摄取和净化。在任何测试中，PNP和荧光PNP在浓度高达500 mg / L至1000 mg / L时均未出现任何可观察到的毒性，除了PMMA-PSMA PNP和暴露于D. magna 48小时后的荧光PNP（半数致死）浓度值分别为879 mg / L和887 mg / L.在标记的和未标记的PNP之间没有观察到显着差异，表明使用荧光标记的适合性。在D. magna中观察到荧光PNP的显着摄取和快速排泄。

The uptake and toxicity of 2 poly(methylmethacrylate)-based plastic nanoparticles (PNPs) with different surface chemistries (medium and hydrophobic) were assessed using aquatic organisms selected for their relevance based on the environmental behavior of the PNPs. Pure poly(methylmethacrylate) (medium; PMMA PNPs) and poly(methylmethacrylate-co-stearylmethacrylate) copolymer (hydrophobic; PMMA-PSMA PNPs) of 86 nm to 125 nm were synthesized using a miniemulsion polymerization method. Fluorescent analogs of each PNP were also synthesized using monomer 7-[4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin]acrylamide and studied. Daphnia magna, Corophium volutator, and Vibrio fischeri were employed in a series of standard acute ecotoxicity tests, being exposed to the PNPs at 3 different environmentally realistic concentrations (0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L, and 1.0 mg/L) and a high concentration 500 mg/L to 1000 mg/L. In addition, sublethal effects of PNPs in C. volutator were determined using a sediment reburial test, and the uptake and depuration of fluorescent PNPs was studied in D. magna. The PNPs and fluorescent PNPs did not exhibit any observable toxicity at concentrations up to 500 mg/L to 1000 mg/L in any of the tests except for PMMA-PSMA PNPs and fluorescent PNPs following 48-h exposure to D. magna (median lethal concentration values of 879 mg/L and 887 mg/L, respectively). No significant differences were observed between labeled and nonlabeled PNPs, indicating the suitability of using fluorescent labeling. Significant uptake and rapid excretion of the fluorescent PNPs was observed in D. magna. 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26011080