摘要

由于塑料的工业生产和塑料降解成较小的颗粒，水生环境中的纳米和微观塑料的量增加。人们对将它们掺入食物网提出了担忧。人们对纳米塑料的命运和影响知之甚少，特别是对于淡水环境。在这项研究中，纳米聚苯乙烯（纳米PS）对绿藻Scenedesmus obliquus的生长和光合作用以及浮游动物大型蚤的生长，死亡率，新生儿产量和畸形的影响进行了评估。 Nano-PS减少了种群生长并降低了藻类中的叶绿素浓度。暴露的水蚤表现出体型减小和繁殖的严重改变。新生儿的数量和体型较低，而新生儿的新生儿畸形数量上升至个体的68％。观察到纳米PS的这些效应在0.22和103mg纳米PS / L之间。从30mg纳米PS / L开始发生畸形。这种塑料浓度远高于目前报道的海水和淡水，但最终可能发生在沉积物孔隙水中。据我们所知，这些结果首次表明藻类和水蚤种群的直接生活史可能因接触纳米塑料而发生。

The amount of nano- and microplastic in the aquatic environment rises due to the industrial production of plastic and the degradation of plastic into smaller particles. Concerns have been raised about their incorporation into food webs. Little is known about the fate and effects of nanoplastic, especially for the freshwater environment. In this study, effects of nano-polystyrene (nano-PS) on the growth and photosynthesis of the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus and the growth, mortality, neonate production, and malformations of the zooplankter Daphnia magna were assessed. Nano-PS reduced population growth and reduced chlorophyll concentrations in the algae. Exposed Daphnia showed a reduced body size and severe alterations in reproduction. Numbers and body size of neonates were lower, while the number of neonate malformations among neonates rose to 68% of the individuals. These effects of nano-PS were observed between 0.22 and 103 mg nano-PS/L. Malformations occurred from 30 mg of nano-PS/L onward. Such plastic concentrations are much higher than presently reported for marine waters as well as freshwater, but may eventually occur in sediment pore waters. As far as we know, these results are the first to show that direct life history shifts in algae and Daphnia populations may occur as a result of exposure to nanoplastic.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268330