摘要
      微塑料是环境中积累的持久性污染物。世界各地对水生生态系统进行了研究，揭示了微塑料的污染无处不在。微藻是水生生态系统中最重要的初级生产者之一。微塑污染，对水生食物网造成更大的影响。尽管如此，人们对微塑料对微藻种群的毒性影响知之甚少。因此，本综述的目的是根据现有文献确定这些影响和微型塑料对微藻种群的影响，并找出知识缺口。尽管微塑料对生长、叶绿素含量、光合作用活性和活性氧(ROS)等参数的影响似乎有限，但目前的环境浓度预计不会引起毒性。即使如此，微塑料也会破坏种群调控机制，减少营养物质的供应或吸收(由下而上)或减少捕食者物种的数量(由上而下)。微塑料的性能也会对微藻产生影响，微藻的体积较小，表面电荷较多，毒性较高。因此，需要进行更多的研究，如适应策略、种群动态影响和影响毒性的微塑料特性，以更好地了解微塑料对微藻的影响。

 Abstract
      Microplastics are persistent contaminants accumulating in the environment. Aquatic ecosystems have been studied worldwide, revealing ubiquitous contamination with microplastics. Microalgae, one of the most important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, could suffer from microplastic contamination, leading to larger impacts on aquatic food webs. Nonetheless, little is known about the toxic effects of microplastics on microalgae populations. Thus, the objective of this review was to identify these effects and the impacts of microplastics on microalgae populations based on currently available literature, also identifying knowledge gaps. Even though microplastics seem to have limited effects on parameters such as growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS), current environmental concentrations are not expected to induce toxicity. Even so, microplastics could disrupt population regulation mechanisms, by reducing the availability or absorption of nutrients (bottom-up) or reducing the population of predator species (top-down). Microplastics' properties can also influence the effects on microalgae, with smaller sizes and positive surface charges having higher toxicity. Therefore, more research is needed to better understand the effects of microplastics on microalgae, such as adaptation strategies, effects on population dynamics and microplastics properties influencing toxicity.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30772570