摘要

在临床和环境中，抗生素耐药性仍然是新兴的威胁。在许多原因中，后氯化人类废水对抗生素抗性的影响尚未得到很好的研究。我们的研究比较了气单胞菌属之间的抗生素敏感性。在接受氯化物处理后的废水中连续三年接受了十二种抗生素的污染。尽管在经过处理的废水中明显存在更大的物种多样性，但在两种水生环境中，维农曲霉和亲水曲霉均占主导地位。总体而言，与上游地表水相比，处理后的废水中萘啶酸，甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑和四环素抗性分离株以及多药（MDR）分离株的患病率更高。选择四环素抗性菌株后，有34.8％的废水与8.3％的地表水分离株相比具有多药耐药性，其中萘啶酸，链霉素和SXT最常见。在四环素抗性分离株中，外排泵基因tetE和tetA最普遍，尽管较强的抗性与tetA相关。超过50％的河流和处理过的废水分离株表现出与丝氨酸蛋白酶活性显着相关的细胞毒性，这表明许多废水中的MDR菌株具有致病性。这些发现表明，经过常规处理的废水仍然是耐药菌的潜在潜在病原菌种群，这些菌群被引入水生系统，可能对环境和公共健康构成威胁。重要提示气单胞菌是革兰氏阴性，呈孢子状的杆状细菌，是自生的在淡淡的咸水里。它们在高温疗法和哺乳动物（包括人类）中的致病性引起严重的环境和公共卫生问题，尤其是在抗生素耐药性水平上升的情况下。废水处理设施是传播抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和抗药性细菌种群的主要水库，因此是水生生态系统中抗药种群的潜在主要贡献者。然而，很少有纵向研究来分析人类废水及其接收者的水生环境之间的抵抗力。在这项研究中，考虑到它们在水生环境中的普遍性，我们使用了气单胞菌。作为环境抗菌性的细菌指标，将其与三年后的氯化后废水进行比较。此外，我们评估了这些抗药性人群的致病性，从而详细说明了其潜在的公共卫生威胁。

Antibiotic resistance continues to be an emerging threat both in clinical and the environmental settings. Amongst the many causes, the impact of post-chlorinated human wastewater on antibiotic resistance has not been well studied. Our study compared antibiotic susceptibility among Aeromonas spp. in post-chlorinated effluents to the recipient riverine populations for three consecutive years against twelve antibiotics. A. veronii and A. hydrophila predominated amongst both aquatic environments, though greater species diversity was evident in treated wastewater. Overall, treated wastewater contained a higher prevalence of nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline resistant isolates, as well as multiple-drug resistant (MDR) isolates compared to upstream surface water. After selecting for tetracycline-resistant strains, 34.8% of wastewater compared to 8.3% of surface water isolates were multidrug resistant with nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and SXT being the most common. Amongst tetracycline resistant isolates, efflux pump genes tetE and tetA were the most prevalent, though stronger resistance correlated with tetA. Over 50% of river and treated wastewater isolates exhibited cytotoxicity that were significantly correlated with serine protease activity, suggesting many MDR strains from effluent have the potential to be pathogenic. These findings highlight that conventionally treated wastewater remains a reservoir of resistant, potentially pathogenic bacterial populations being introduced into aquatic systems that could pose a threat to both the environment and public health.IMPORTANCE Aeromonads are Gram-negative, asporogenous rod-shaped bacteria that are autochthonous in fresh and brackish waters. Their pathogenic nature in poikilotherms and mammals, including humans, pose serious environmental and public health concerns especially amongst rising levels of antibiotic resistance. Wastewater treatment facilities serve as major reservoirs for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacterial populations, and thus a potential major contributor to resistant populations in aquatic ecosystems. However, few longitudinal studies exist analyzing resistance amongst human wastewater effluents and their recipient aquatic environments. In this study, considering their ubiquitous nature in aquatic environments, we used Aeromonas spp. as bacterial indicators of environmental antimicrobial resistance comparing it to post-chlorinated wastewater effluents over three years. Furthermore, we assessed the potential of these resistant populations to be pathogenic, thus elaborating on their potential public health threat.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31757827