摘要

     抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和抗生素耐药菌（ARB）已成为本世纪全球公共卫生的重要课题。越来越多的证据表明ARGs的存在以及可以通过空气传播。本研究对来自香港市17所幼儿园共55名儿童的尿样和空调过滤尘（AC尘）以及附近10个土壤样品中的ARGs和ARB进行了分析。结果表明，AC粉尘中存在16个ARG亚型和可移动基因元件（MGE）intI1；土壤中存在12个ARG亚型。17所幼儿园AC粉尘中抗磺胺类药物（6.9×10-3-0.17）（以16s rRNA基因相对丰度表示）的ARGs最为丰富，其次是大环内酯类（1.8×10-3-3.3×10-2）、sul1、sul2（磺胺）、ermF（大环内酯类）和intI1基因。土壤样品中检测到12个ARG亚型和intI1，其中抗磺胺类药物基因（1.6×10-3-2.7×10-1）最为丰富，其次是四环素基因（ND-1.4×10-2）。在所有AC粉尘样本和部分尿液样本中检测到携带sul1、sul2、intI1和tetQ基因的多重耐药菌。基于细菌属和ARG共享网络分析以及香港特殊的地理位置和文化环境，幼儿园检测到的ARGs可能有两个来源：β-内酰胺/大环内酯类的ARGs主要来源于人类药物用途，四环素/磺胺类ARGs主要来自于其他领域，同时iniI1可能在香港ARGs的传播中发挥一定的作用。香港市幼儿园空调粉尘中ARG的广泛检测，凸显了改善管理措施的必要性。
      Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have become a critical global public health issue in this century. There is increasing evidence for the presence and transmission of ARGs by air transmission. In this research, ARGs and ARB in air conditioner filter dust (AC dust) and urine samples from 55 kindergarten children in 17 kindergartens and nearby 10 soil samples in Hong Kong were analyzed. The results showed the presence of 16 ARG subtypes and the mobile genetic element (MGE) intI1 in AC dust, and 12 ARG subtypes in the soil samples. ARGs presenting resistance to sulfonamide (6.9 × 10⁻³–0.17) (expressed as relative abundance of the 16 S rRNA genes) were most abundant followed by macrolides (1.8 × 10⁻³–3.3 × 10⁻²), sul1, sul2 (sulfonamide), ermF (macrolides) and intI1 genes in AC dust in 17 kindergartens. For soil samples, 12 ARG subtypes and the intI1 were detected, and the genes providing resistance to sulfonamide (1.6 × 10⁻³–2.7 × 10⁻¹) were the most abundant ARGs in the 10 soil samples, followed by tetracycline (ND–1.4 × 10⁻²). Multi-resistant bacteria with sul1, sul2, intI1, or tetQ were detected in all AC dust samples and some urine samples. Based on bacterial genera and ARG co-occurrence network analysis and Hong Kong’s special geographical location and cultural environment, there might be two origins for the ARGs detected in the kindergartens: β-lactam/macrolide ARGs mainly derived from human medicine use and tetracycline/sulfonamide ARGs mainly from other areas, as well as IntI1 may play a role in the spread of ARGs in Hong Kong. The widely detection of ARGs in AC dust in kindergartens in Hong Kong highlights the need for the improvement of management measures.
      https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749119329914