在土壤和水体等环境中，可能存在多种抗药性基因（ARGs）。本文综述了目前在这些环境中定量ARGs的方法，并着重介绍了它们在常规ARG监测中的应用前景。常规ARG监测方法应该快速、特异、灵敏、易用。如果要评估处理过程中ARGs的去除效率或潜在的人类健康风险，定量数据也很重要。为了满足这些要求，与培养无关的、基于扩增的方法是最有前途的，包括定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）、高通量qPCR、数字PCR和环介导等温扩增（LAMP）。靶基因的选择对ARGs的常规监测也很重要。未来的研究可能包括能够识别ARG的指标，这些指标可以预测各种ARG的发生和水平。

      Various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be present in environments such as soil and water. This review and opinion article briefly summarizes on the current methods to quantify ARGs in these environments, with special emphasis on their application potentials for routine ARG monitoring. For routine ARG monitoring, methods should be rapid, specific, sensitive, and easy-to-use. Quantitative data are also important if removal efficiencies of ARGs during treatment processes or potential human health risks are evaluated/assessed. To meet these requirements, culture-independent, amplification-based methods are most promising, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-throughput qPCR, digital PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Selection of target genes is also important for routine ARG monitoring. Future research may include the identification of ARG indicators that can predict the occurrence and the levels of various ARGs.

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