摘要

垃圾渗滤液中含有多种抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）。经处理后的垃圾渗滤液可进入下游环境，导致ARGs的传播，对公众健康构成威胁。在这里，我们使用高通量qPCR来研究抗生素抗性，并基于16srRNA的Illumina测序来分析渗滤液处理厂和垃圾填埋场附近河流中的细菌群落。我们共检测到91个ARGs和5个可移动基因元件。渗滤液处理过程显著改变了土壤的抗性和细菌群落结构。污水出水口与下游河道的细菌群落结构和ARG谱相似，均以多重耐药性和β-内酰胺类耐药基因为主，ARG相对丰度高于上游河道。特别的是，在废水出水口和下游河流样本中检测到7种ARGs，但在上游河流中未检测到，包括编码对万古霉素（vanXD和vanSB）和碳青霉烯（cphA和blaGES）抗性的基因，这意味着污水对受纳河流的影响。这项研究强调了垃圾渗滤液在向环境传播抗生素耐药性的排放风险，并提出了对ARGs的监测和开发降低风险技术的迫切需要。

Landfills leachate contained diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Treated landfill leachate effluent could enter into the downstream environments, leading to the dissemination of ARGs, which might pose a health risk to public. Here, we used high-throughput qPCR to characterize the resistome and 16S rRNA-based Illumina sequencing to analyze the bacterial community in a leachate treatment plant and the river near the landfill. A total of 91 ARGs and 5 mobile genetic elements were detected. Leachate treatment process significantly changed the profiles of resistome and bacterial community structures. Similar bacterial community structure and ARG profiles were detected between effluent and downstream river, which were both dominated by multidrug and beta-lactams resistance genes and harbored higher ARG relative abundance than that in upstream river. In particular, seven ARGs were detected both in effluent and downstream river samples but not detected in upstream river, including genes encoding resistance to vancomycin (vanXD and vanSB) and carbapenem (cphA and blaGES), which implied the effects of the effluent on its receiving river. This study highlights the risk of discharge of processed landfill leachate in dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants to the environments, and suggests an urgent need for surveillance of ARGs and development of techniques to mitigate the risk.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519324476