摘要

     为了平衡处理不足（病原体转移最少）和处理过度（消毒剂消耗量过低以及产生消毒副产物）的平衡，化学消毒技术的发展和控制已开始变得越来越重要，这种方式具有巨大的生态和经济优势。本文综述了近年来在废水处理尤其是消毒过程中去除携带基因（ARGs）的抗生素耐药菌（ARB）的研究进展。传统的消毒技术可能无法有效地解除ARB，同时将亚致死浓度的ARB和抗生素释放到城市污水处理厂废水中，可能会促进受纳水中细菌的耐药性发展。自来水和废水中各种消毒技术（氯化、紫外线照射、Fenton反应、臭氧氧化和光催化氧化）的影响途径值得关注。人工湿地和纳米技术对ARB和ARGs的影响有待进一步研究。从废水回收的角度来看，膜工艺是目前世界上去除ARB和ARGs的最佳工艺。这些防止污染物在自然界扩散的安全举措由于其更大的工业应用（特别是在发展中国家）而值得进行更多的技术和经济扩展。

      Developed control of chemical disinfection techniques is beginning to be progressively significant in order to equilibrate under-treatment (minimal pathogen demobilization) and over-treatment (immoderate consumption of disinfectant and disinfection by-products generation) that way giving great ecological and economic advantages. This work reviews the most recent and pertinent researches in this field of eliminating Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria (ARB) carrying genes (ARGs) during wastewater treatment especially disinfection. Traditional disinfection techniques may not be efficient in demobilizing ARB and the simultaneous liberation of ARB and antibiotics at sub-lethal concentrations into municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent may promote the development of resistance among bacteria in receiving water. The pathway of the influences of diverse disinfection techniques in water and wastewater (chlorination, UV irradiation, Fenton reaction, ozonation, and photocatalytic oxidation) deserves more attention. The impacts of constructed wetlands and nanotechnology on ARB and ARG have to be more explored. As the best available technology, membranes processes should be widely adopted through the world for removing ARB and ARGs from the perspective of reusing treated wastewater as drinking water. These safe barriers against pollutants diffusion in nature merit more technical and economic expansion for their larger industrial application especially in developing countries.

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