摘要

      抗生素耐药菌引起的感染是对公众健康的重大威胁。引起这些感染的病原体可以通过一种称为水平基因转移（HGT）的过程获得抗药性基因。HGT是人类肠道微生物群即人类肠道的微生物生态系统中的常见事件。肠道微生物群中的HGT可以通过不同的机制发生，其中转导和接合研究最为透彻。新的生物信息学工具和实验方法已经开发出来，以确定抗生素抗性基因与其微生物宿主的关联，并量化肠道微生物群中HGT的程度。对肠道微生物群中HGT研究的深入了解可能会导致开发新的干预措施，以尽量减少抗生素耐药基因在常见病原体和机会性病原体之间的传播。

      Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major threat to public health. The pathogens causing these infections can acquire antibiotic resistance genes in a process termed horizontal gene transfer (HGT). HGT is a common event in the human gut microbiome, that is, the microbial ecosystem of the human intestinal tract. HGT in the gut microbiome can occur via different mechanisms of which transduction and conjugation have been best characterised. Novel bioinformatic tools and experimental approaches have been developed to determine the association of antibiotic resistance genes with their microbial hosts and to quantify the extent of HGT in the gut microbiome. Insights from studies into HGT in the gut microbiome may lead to the development of novel interventions to minimise the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among commensals and opportunistic pathogens.

      https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527420300254