摘要

     土地施用猪粪浆是一种常见的为作物生产补充土壤养分的方法。这种做法可以将抗生素残留和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）引入环境中。田间试验是确定粪便管理措施的关键，有效地减少了粪便中抗生素和ARGs的环境影响。本研究的目的是探讨猪粪施用时间与降雨事件的关系如何影响抗生素和ARGs在地表径流和肥料改良土壤中的去向和迁移。猪粪浆在田间试验田中或撒播种或注入。施肥后第1天、第1周、第2周或第3周，在施肥地块上启动一组间隔24小时的30分钟模拟降雨事件。结果表明，除tet（X）外，从施用到降雨的间隔时间超过2周，径流中的抗生素和ARGs水平通常显著降低。对于来自撒播地块的土壤样本，施用肥料后的前两周，三种抗生素中的两种（林可霉素和硫穆林）的浓度显著下降。相反，在试验期间，土壤中大多数被测ARGs（tet（Q）、tet（X）和erm（A））的浓度没有显著变化。从研究中获得的信息可以有助于设计肥料管理措施，并估计因施用肥料而产生的抗生素和精氨酸的环境负荷。

     Land application of swine manure slurry is a common practice to supplement nutrients to soil for crop production. This practice can introduce antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. Field testing is critical in identifying manure management practices effective in minimizing the environmental impacts of manure-borne antibiotic and ARGs. The objective of this study was to determine how the timing of swine manure application relative to rainfall events impacts the fate and transport of antibiotics and ARGs in surface runoff and manure-amended soil. Swine manure slurry was either broadcast or injected on test plots in the field. A set of three 30-min simulated rainfall events, 24 h apart, were initiated on manured plots 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks after the manure application. Results showed that an interval longer than 2 weeks between application and rainfall often significantly reduced the levels of antibiotics and ARGs tested in runoff with the exception of tet(X). For soil samples from broadcast plots, concentrations of two of the three antibiotics tested (lincomycin and tiamulin) decreased substantially in the first two weeks after manure application. In contrast, concentrations of most of the ARGs tested (tet(Q), tet(X), and erm(A)) in soil did not change significantly during the test period. Information obtained from the study can be beneficial in designing manure management practices and estimating the environmental loading of antibiotics and ARGs resulting from manure application.

      https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720300139