摘要

青霉素V菌丝体残渣（PMR）是制药工业的副产品，经碱热处理后可通过土地利用方式进行处置。然而，碱性热处理PMR在土壤改良中的效果和青霉素V的潜在污染风险尚不清楚。本研究通过测定土壤pH值、有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量，研究了碱性热处理PMR对土壤肥力的影响，此外，可培养微生物数量和酶的活性，不但反映了分解有机质的能力，而且可以用来模拟土壤系统中的生态抑制现象。我们还研究了青霉素V在土壤中的持久性和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）在土壤中的变异，以评估由此产生的抗生素抗性风险。结果表明，经PMR处理的改良土壤pH值和速效钾含量均显著提高。此外，在土壤中经过处理的PMR整个培养过程中，可培养的微生物和酶没有受到抑制。处理后的PMR在土壤中的稳定性在43天后相对完成。更重要的是，经处理的PMR衍生的青霉素V在3天内迅速耗尽，这表明环境持久性相对较低。处理后的PMR对土壤中检测到的ARGs没有明显的富集作用，说明添加处理后的PMR在短期内不会引发土壤中的抗生素耐药风险。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，碱性热处理PMR可用于土壤施用。

Penicillin V mycelial residue (PMR) is a byproduct of the pharmaceutical industry and may be disposed through land application after alkaline-thermal treatment. However, the efficacy of alkaline-thermally treated PMR in soil amelioration and the potential contamination risk caused by introduced penicillin V are poorly understood. In this study, soil pH, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium were measured to study the effect of alkaline-thermally treated PMR on soil fertility; the numbers of culturable microorganisms and the activities of enzymes, which not only reflect the decomposing ability of organic matter but also monitor the ecological suppression in soil ecosystem, were also investigated; moreover, the persistence of introduced penicillin V and the variation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil were examined to evaluate the resulting antibiotic resistance risk. The results indicated that the pH and the content of available potassium in amended soil with treated PMR profoundly improved. In addition, the culturable microorganisms and enzymes were not inhibited throughout the incubation of treated PMR in soil. The stability of treated PMR in soil relatively completed after 43 days. More importantly, the penicillin V derived by treated PMR rapidly depleted within 3 days, which suggested a relatively low environmental persistence. The treated PMR did not enrich the ARGs detected in soil, demonstrating that the addition of treated PMR might not trigger the antibiotic resistance risk in the short-term in soil. In conclusion, our results concluded that alkaline-thermally treated PMR is available for soil application.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X20300660