摘要

    抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的流行已在各种环境中广泛报道。但是，对于有机物含量高的食物垃圾（FW）渗滤液中它们的了解甚少，以及它们的分布如何受到生物处理过程的影响。在这里，在两个全面的FW生物处理过程中，研究了十二个ARG，两个整合酶基因和细菌群落。在所有样品中均观察到较高的ARGs丰度（绝对值：1.03×107–2.82×109份/ mL；相对值：0.076–2.778份/ 16S rRNA）。尽管生物处理有效地降低了ARGs的绝对丰度，但其他获得ARGs的细菌导致其相对丰度增加，这进一步增加了ARGs的传播风险。 mexF，blaCTX-M，sul1发挥了关键作用，而sul1可能被视为预测总ARG的指标。令人担忧的是，排放物（废水和污泥）包括高度丰富的ARG（5.09×1014–4.83×1015拷贝/ d），整形菌（1.11×1014–6.04×1014拷贝/ d）和潜在的病原体（例如假单胞菌和链球菌），应该给予更多的关注。 blaCTX-M和tetQ具有最多的潜在宿主，Proteobacteria-L和Firmicutes-W在属水平上是ARGs宿主的主要贡献者。这项研究表明，FW渗滤液生物处理系统可能是ARGs的储存库，并促进了它们的增殖。探索有效的去除方法和制定排放标准对于未来减缓ARGs是必要的。

    The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been widely reported in various environments. However, little is known of them in food waste (FW) leachate with high organic content and how their distribution is influenced by biotreatment processes. Here, twelve ARGs, two integrase genes and bacterial communities were investigated during two full-scale FW biotreatment processes. High ARGs abundances (absolute: 1.03 × 107–2.82 × 109copies/mL; relative: 0.076–2.778copies/16S rRNA) were observed across all samples. Although biotreatment effectively reduced absolute abundance of ARGs, additional bacteria acquiring ARGs caused an increase in their relative abundance, which further increased the transmission risk of ARGs. mexF, blaCTX-M, sul1 played crucial roles and sul1 might be considered as an indicator for the prediction of total ARGs. It is worrying that the discharge (effluent and sludge) included highly abundant ARGs (5.09 × 1014–4.83 × 1015copies/d), integrons (1.11 × 1014–6.04 × 1014copies/d) and potential pathogens (such as Pseudomonas and Streptococcus), which should be given more attentions. blaCTX-M and tetQ possessed most potential hosts, Proteobacteria-L and Firmicutes-W were predominant contributors of ARGs-hosts at genus level. This study suggested FW leachate biotreatment systems could be reservoirs of ARGs and facilitated the proliferation of them. The exploration of effective removal methods and formulation of emission standard are necessary for future ARGs mitigation.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389421007081