摘要

    抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的快速出现是一个全球性的问题。土壤是ARGs的主要储层。抗生素的广泛使用和/或滥用已经增加了土壤中ARGs的增殖。目前正在研究ARGs在与动植物相关的微生物之间的动力学和转移。外源性共选择剂进一步加剧了该问题。降低选择压力和中断ARGs传播途径的综合方法对于“一个健康”的观点至关重要，该观点认识到人，动物和环境之间的相互联系。特别是，我们提出以下要求：（1）区分土壤和土壤栽培蔬菜中与临床相关的ARG，使其与不产生抗药性的ARG区别开来； （2）建立评估与ARG和其他污染物共存相关风险的框架； （3）了解带有共同存在的污染物的ARGs出现的程度和条件，以及它们在土壤中以及向水，植物和动物的转移过程； （4）开发绿色技术，以减轻将ARGs引入土壤和通过食物链将ARGs传播给人类的问题。

    Rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a global problem. Soil is a major reservoir of ARGs. The extensive use and/or abuse of antibiotics has increased ARGs proliferation in the soil. The dynamics and transfer of ARGs amongst microorganisms associated with plants and fauna are being investigated. Exogenous coselective agents further exacerbate the problem. Integrated approaches reducing selection pressure and disrupting ARGs transmission routes are essential in the One Health perspective, which appreciates the interconnectivity between humans, animals, and the environment. In particular, we propose that the following are needed: (1) to distinguish clinically relevant ARGs in soil and on soil-grown vegetables from those ARGs that do not confer resistance; (2) to develop a framework for assessing risks associated with the coexistence of ARGs and other contaminants; (3) to understand the extent and conditions for the emergence of ARGs with co-occurring contaminants, and their transfer processes in soil and to water, plants and fauna; and (4) to develop green technologies to mitigate the introduction of ARGs into soil and the transmission of ARGs to humans through the food chain.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468584421000027