摘要

    为了平衡处理不足（病原体转移最少）和处理过度（消毒剂消耗量过低以及产生消毒副产物）的平衡，化学消毒技术的发达控制已开始变得越来越重要，这种方式具有巨大的生态和经济优势。这项工作回顾了在废水处理特别是消毒过程中消除携带抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）的基因（ARG）的这一领域的最新研究。传统的消毒技术可能无法有效地使ARB复员，并且亚致命浓度下的ARB和抗生素的同时释放进入市政废水处理厂的废水中可能会促进接受水中细菌的耐药性发展。各种消毒技术对水和废水（氯化，紫外线辐射，Fenton反应，臭氧氧化和光催化氧化）的影响途径值得更多关注。必须进一步探索人工湿地和纳米技术对ARB和ARG的影响。作为最佳的可用技术，从将处理后的废水重新用作饮用水的角度出发，膜工艺应在世界范围内广泛用于去除ARB和ARG。这些针对自然界中污染物扩散的安全屏障，对于其更广泛的工业应用（尤其是在发展中国家），值得进行更多的技术和经济扩展

    Developed control of chemical disinfection techniques is beginning to be progressively significant in order to equilibrate under-treatment (minimal pathogen demobilization) and over-treatment (immoderate consumption of disinfectant and disinfection by-products generation) that way giving great ecological and economic advantages. This work reviews the most recent and pertinent researches in this field of eliminating Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria (ARB) carrying genes (ARGs) during wastewater treatment especially disinfection. Traditional disinfection techniques may not be efficient in demobilizing ARB and the simultaneous liberation of ARB and antibiotics at sub-lethal concentrations into municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent may promote the development of resistance among bacteria in receiving water. The pathway of the influences of diverse disinfection techniques in water and wastewater (chlorination, UV irradiation, Fenton reaction, ozonation, and photocatalytic oxidation) deserves more attention. The impacts of constructed wetlands and nanotechnology on ARB and ARG have to be more explored. As the best available technology, membranes processes should be widely adopted through the world for removing ARB and ARGs from the perspective of reusing treated wastewater as drinking water. These safe barriers against pollutants diffusion in nature merit more technical and economic expansion for their larger industrial application especially in developing countries.

    https://www.scirp.org/html/97741_97741.htm