摘要

    水生环境中的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）容易扩散和扩散，已严重危害人类健康和生态安全，已成为全世界关注的问题。废水处理厂（WWTP）从各种各样的来源（即，牧场，医院，抗生素制造商和家庭）接收抗性细菌和ARG，被视为水生ARG的重要排放源。这篇综述介绍了污水处理厂进水中ARGs的主要来源的定量分布，并讨论了影响ARGs浓度分布的潜在因素。具体而言，在畜牧养殖废水中检测到值得注意的ARGs存在，其范围从1E + 05到1E + copies11拷贝/ mL，并且确定了家庭废水（由于无限使用抗生素所致）在污水处理厂中。我们总结了对ARGs的选择性压力，并确定了ARGs的浓度与多种污染物的存在呈正相关，其中包括抗生素，重金属（经常报告锌和铜），季铵化合物等。讨论了用于去除污水处理厂中ARG及其废水的化学和生物处理方法，并对未来的研究进行了总结。

    Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments, which seriously endanger human health and ecological safety, have become a worldwide concern due to their easy diffusion and proliferation. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which receive resistant bacteria and ARGs from a wide variety of sources (i.e., livestock farms, hospitals, antibiotic manufactures, and households), are regarded as important emission sources of aquatic ARGs. This review presents a quantitative profile of the majority sources of ARGs in the influent of WWTPs and discusses the potential factors that affect the concentration distribution of ARGs. Specifically, a noteworthy existence of ARGs, which ranged from 1E + 05 to 1E + 11 copies/mL, was detected in livestock breeding wastewater, and household wastewater (caused by the unlimited utilization of antibiotics) was determined to be the predominant contributor of ARGs in WWTPs. We summarized the selective pressure on ARGs and determined the positive correlation of the concentration of ARGs and the existence of many containments, including antibiotics, heavy metals (Zn and Cu were frequently reported), quaternary ammonium compounds, etc. In the last section, physical, chemical, and biological treatments for the removal of ARGs and their effluent in WWTPs are discussed and prospective future studies are summarized.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1001841720302758