摘要

    抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）在世界范围内被视为引起人们广泛关注的新兴污染物，并且是对人类健康的主要威胁。越来越明显的是，环境在抗生素抗性的传播，传播和进化中起着核心作用。尽管已经对海洋系统进行了广泛的研究，但只有很少的研究考虑了中，深浮游水域中存在ARGs。迄今为止，尚未进行基于分子的研究来调查黑海这一世界上最大的淡水盆地的发生，该黑水接受了来自欧洲许多重要河流的水以及它们在永久分层的中古弹性水中的人为活动残留群众。在这项研究中，我们确定了黑海东部和西部不同采样点的五个ARG（blaCTXM，ermB，qnrS，sul2，tetA）和重金属抗性基因（HMRG）czcA的存在和丰度。几个深度（最大1000 m）和距海岸线的不同距离。至少43％的分析样品中存在三种ARG（blaCTXM，sul2和tetA）和czcA，而从未检测到ermB和qnrS。特别是，沿海地区的sul2丰度显着增加，而tetA随采样深度的增加而增加。这些发现指出黑海是整个水域中分布的ARG和HMRG的来源。

    Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are worldwide considered as emerging contaminants of large interest, and a primary threat to human health. It is becoming clear that the environment plays a central role in the transmission, spread, and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Although marine systems have been largely investigated, only a few studies have considered the presence of ARGs in meso- and bathypelagic waters. To date, no molecular based studies have yet been made to investigate the occurrence of ARGs in the Black Sea, the largest meromictic basin in the world, receiving water from a number of important European rivers and their residues of anthropogenic activities in permanently stratified mesopelagic water masses. In this study, we determined the presence and the abundance of five ARGs (blaCTXM, ermB, qnrS, sul2, tetA) and of the heavy metal resistance gene (HMRG) czcA, in different sampling sites in the eastern and western Black Sea, at several depths (up to 1000 m) and various distances from the shoreline. Three ARGs (blaCTXM, sul2, and tetA) and czcA were present in at least 43% of the analysed samples, whereas ermB and qnrS were never detected. In particular, sul2 abundances increased significantly in coastal location, whereas tetA increased with sampling depth. These findings point out the Black Sea as a source of ARGs and HMRGs distributed along the whole water column.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X20307530