摘要

  垃圾填埋场渗滤液含有多种抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)。处理过的垃圾渗滤液可能会进入下游环境，导致 ARGs 的传播，这可能对公众的健康构成威胁。在这里，我们使用高通量 qPCR 来表征抗性组和基于 16S rRNA 的 Illumina 测序来分析渗滤液处理厂和垃圾填埋场附近河流中的细菌群落。共检测到 91 个 ARG 和 5 个移动遗传元件。渗滤液处理过程显着改变了耐药组和细菌群落结构的特征。在出水和下游河流之间检测到相似的细菌群落结构和 ARG 谱，它们均以多药和 β-内酰胺类抗性基因为主，并且具有比上游河流更高的 ARG 相对丰度。特别是，在污水和下游河流样本中均检测到 7 种 ARG，但在上游河流中未检测到，包括编码对万古霉素（vanXD 和 vanSB）和碳青霉烯（cphA 和 blaGES）抗性的基因，这暗示了污水对其接收的影响河。这项研究强调了排放处理过的垃圾渗滤液将抗生素耐药性决定因素传播到环境中的风险，并表明迫切需要对 ARG 进行监测并开发降低风险的技术。

  Landfills leachate contained diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Treated landfill leachate effluent could enter into the downstream environments, leading to the dissemination of ARGs, which might pose a health risk to public. Here, we used high-throughput qPCR to characterize the resistome and 16S rRNA-based Illumina sequencing to analyze the bacterial community in a leachate treatment plant and the river near the landfill. A total of 91 ARGs and 5 mobile genetic elements were detected. Leachate treatment process significantly changed the profiles of resistome and bacterial community structures. Similar bacterial community structure and ARG profiles were detected between effluent and downstream river, which were both dominated by multidrug and beta-lactams resistance genes and harbored higher ARG relative abundance than that in upstream river. In particular, seven ARGs were detected both in effluent and downstream river samples but not detected in upstream river, including genes encoding resistance to vancomycin (vanXD and vanSB) and carbapenem (cphA and blaGES), which implied the effects of the effluent on its receiving river. This study highlights the risk of discharge of processed landfill leachate in dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants to the environments, and suggests an urgent need for surveillance of ARGs and development of techniques to mitigate the risk.

  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653519324476