摘要

  抗微生物药物耐药性 (AMR) 是对公共卫生和环境的重大全球威胁。 AMR 的出现和扩张是由抗菌素耐药基因 (ARG) 的巨大多样性和流动性支撑的。水平基因转移 (HGT) 的不同机制，包括接合、转导和转化，促进了 ARG 在革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌中的积累和传播。这导致某些细菌产生多药耐药性。最具临床意义的 ARG 通常位于不同的移动遗传元件 (MGE) 上，这些元件可以在细胞内（细菌染色体和质粒之间）或细胞间（同一物种内或不同物种或属之间）移动。抗性质粒在 HGT 和作为其他 MGE 的支持元件中都发挥着核心作用，其中 ARG 通过转座和重组机制组装。考虑到 MGEs 在 ARGs 的获取和传输中的关键作用，控制 AMR 的潜在策略是消除 MGEs。本综述讨论了消除 ARG 携带者的化学和生物学方法的当前进展。

  Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global threat to both public health and the environment. The emergence and expansion of AMR is sustained by the enormous diversity and mobility of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), including conjugation, transduction, and transformation, have facilitated the accumulation and dissemination of ARGs in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This has resulted in the development of multidrug resistance in some bacteria. The most clinically significant ARGs are usually located on different mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can move intracellularly (between the bacterial chromosome and plasmids) or intercellularly (within the same species or between different species or genera). Resistance plasmids play a central role both in HGT and as support elements for other MGEs, in which ARGs are assembled by transposition and recombination mechanisms. Considering the crucial role of MGEs in the acquisition and transmission of ARGs, a potential strategy to control AMR is to eliminate MGEs. This review discusses current progress on the development of chemical and biological approaches for the elimination of ARG carriers.

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7219019/