摘要

  关于在全面污水处理厂（有或没有额外的处理技术）中去除抗生素和 ARG 的信息是有限的。然而，重要的是要了解全面处理技术在与实践相关的各种条件下去除抗生素和 ARG 的效率，以减少其环境传播。因此，本研究旨在评估传统废水处理厂 (WWTP A) 和两种全面结合附加处理技术中抗生素和 ARG 的去除情况。 WWTP B，一种传统的活性污泥处理，然后是作为最终处理步骤的活性炭过滤步骤（1-STEP® 过滤器）。 WWTP C，一种使用好氧颗粒污泥 (NEREDA®) 作为活性污泥处理替代方案的处理厂。收集水和污泥并分析来自四个目标抗生素组（大环内酯类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类）和四个目标 ARG（ermB、sul 1、sul 2 和 tetW）和整合酶基因 1 类 (intI1) 的 52 种抗生素。尽管所有污水处理厂中抗生素总负荷的去除率很高（79-88%），但在各种污水中检测到了一些抗生素。附加处理技术 (WWTP C) 显示抗生素去除率高达 99%（四环素）。对于 ARG，WWTP C 减少了 2.3 log，其次是 WWTP A 减少了 2.0 log，而 WWTP B 减少了 1.3 log。这表明采用附加处理技术的全面污水处理厂是减少废水处理厂抗生素和 ARGs 排放的有前途的解决方案。然而，不能对所有类型的抗生素和 ARG 实现完全去除抗生素和 ARGS。此外，与废水流出物相比，污泥中的 ARGs 更丰富，这表明污泥是一个重要的水库，代表了再利用后 ARG 排放的来源，即作为农业肥料或生物塑料或生物絮凝剂的资源。这些方面需要进一步研究

  Information on the removal of antibiotics and ARGs in full-scale WWTPs (with or without additional treatment technology) is limited. However, it is important to understand the efficiency of full-scale treatment technologies in removing antibiotics and ARGs under a variety of conditions relevant for practice to reduce their environmental spreading. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the removal of antibiotics and ARGs in a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP A) and two full-scale combined with additional treatment technologies. WWTP B, a conventional activated sludge treatment followed by an activated carbon filtration step (1-STEP® filter) as a final treatment step. WWTP C, a treatment plant using aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA®) as an alternative to activated sludge treatment. Water and sludge were collected and analysed for 52 antibiotics from four target antibiotic groups (macrolides, sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines) and four target ARGs (ermB, sul 1, sul 2 and tetW) and integrase gene class 1 (intI1). Despite the high removal percentages (79–88%) of the total load of antibiotics in all WWTPs, some antibiotics were detected in the various effluents. Additional treatment technology (WWTP C) showed antibiotics removal up to 99% (tetracyclines). For ARGs, WWTP C reduced 2.3 log followed by WWTP A with 2.0 log, and WWTP B with 1.3 log. This shows that full-scale WWTP with an additional treatment technology are promising solutions for reducing emissions of antibiotics and ARGs from wastewater treatment plants. However, total removal of the antibiotics and ARGS cannot be achieved for all types of antibiotics and ARGs. In addition, the ARGs were more abundant in the sludge compared to the wastewater effluent suggesting that sludge is an important reservoir representing a source for later ARG emissions upon reuse, i.e. as fertilizer in agriculture or as resource for bioplastics or bioflocculants. These aspects require further research.

  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720337207