摘要

  背景

  粪便大肠菌等病原体的传播被认为是在农业应用中使用牲畜粪便的一个重要问题。

  目的
  本研究的目的是评估蚯蚓堆肥对牛粪中粪便大肠菌群的影响，其中含有复方新诺明作为一种广泛用于畜牧业奶牛疾病的药物。方法蚯蚓的适应过程分两个阶段进行，为期6周；然后，主要流程在 9 周内完成。每个反应器的最终牛粪重量为 3.5 kg。每个反应器中加入 120 克蚯蚓（反应器中大约有 280-300 条）。复方新诺明也从伊朗 Pakdarou Co. 制备纯度为 99%，并以 10、20、50 和 100mg/kg 的浓度添加到反应器中。测量了有机碳、凯氏定氮总氮 (TKN)、碳氮 (C:N) 比以及反应器的磷含量。使用标准实验室方法（即伊朗堆肥标准）对粪便大肠菌群和寄生虫卵进行 8 周计数。

  结果

  结果显示有机碳、C:N 比和复方新诺明含量降低，但 TKN 和磷含量呈上升趋势。除了一个案例外，所有反应器中蚯蚓的重量在该过程结束时也增加了。在蚯蚓堆肥结束时，观察到粪便大肠菌群和寄生虫卵显着减少。结果表明，蚯蚓在牛粪蚯蚓堆肥中具有活性，包括10-100 mg/kg浓度的复方新诺明抗生素。蚯蚓堆肥似乎是减少牛粪中粪便大肠菌群和寄生虫的有效方法。同样，普通浓度的复方新诺明对蚯蚓的能力没有任何影响。在蚯蚓堆肥结束时，所有参数都被置于 ICS（国家）- 1 级内。

  Background
Transmission of pathogens such as fecal coliforms is regarded as a significant concern about using livestock manure in agricultural applications.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vermicomposting on fecal coliforms in cow manure containing co-trimoxazole as a widely used drug for cow diseases in animal husbandry.
Methods
Adaptation process of earthworms was carried out in two phases for 6 weeks; then, the main process was fulfilled in 9 weeks. The final weight of cow manure per reactor was 3.5 kg. 120 g of earthworms added to each reactor (approximately 280-300 numbers in the reactor). Co-trimoxazole was also prepared with a purity of 99% from Pakdarou Co., Iran, and added to the reactors at concentrations of 10, 20, 50, and100mg/kg. Organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, as well as phosphorus content of the reactors were measured. Fecal coliforms and parasite eggs were counted using standard laboratory methods (i.e. the Iranian Compost Standard) for 8 weeks.
Results
The results revealed a decrease in organic carbon, C:N ratio, and co-trimoxazole content but a rising trend in TKN and phosphorus levels. The weight of earthworms also increased at the end of the process in all reactors, except for one case. A significant reduction was observed in fecal coliforms and parasite eggs at the end of the vermicomposting.
Conclusions
According to the results, earthworms could be active in cow manure vermicomposting including 10-100 mg/kg concentration of co-trimoxazole antibiotic. The vermicomposting seems to be an effective method for reducing fecal coliforms and parasites in cow manure. As well, co-trimoxazole in common concentration could not have any effects on the ability of earthworms. At the end of the vermicomposting, all parameters were placed within the ICS (National) - Grade 1.

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40201-019-00404-8