摘要

       各种抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和耐药细菌的盛行已造成全球公共卫生风险。由噬菌体或膜囊泡介导的载体转运是 ARGs 水平转移的重要途径。纳米金属氧化物颗粒（NMOPs）可以通过细胞膜进入细胞，可以作为基因的载体。然而，它们是否可以用作水平 ARG 转移的跨膜递送载体仍然未知。在这里，我们建立了一个 MONPs 介导的 ARGs 转移模型，并证明 NMOPs，尤其是纳米 Al2O3，可以作为载体，介导水中的类似转导的 ARG 转化。纳米Al2O3介导的最高转移率为4.53×104 cfu/mmol，比对照高104倍。 Nano-Al2O3 可以与编码 ARGs 的质粒结合形成高密度包裹，防止 ARGs 被核酸内切酶降解。超分辨荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜的结果表明，纳米 Al2O3 可以携带 ARGs 进行跨膜传输。全基因组转录微阵列和 qPCR 表明 SOS 反应与纳米 Al2O3 介导的类似转导的 ARG 转化密切相关。这项研究首次证明，作为一种新的跨膜载体，纳米 Al2O3 也可以引起 ARGs 在水中的扩散。

       The prevalence of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria has caused global public health risks. The carrier transport mediated by phages or membrane vesicles is an important way for horizontal transfer of ARGs. Nano metal oxide particles (NMOPs), which can enter cell through the cell membrane, may be used as the carriers of genes. However, whether they can be used as transmembrane delivery vectors for the horizontal ARG transfer remains unknown. Here, we set up a model of MONPs-mediated transfer of ARGs, and demonstrate that NMOPs, especially for nano-Al2O3, can act as carriers mediating the transduction-like ARG transformation in water. The highest transfer rate mediated by nano-Al2O3 is 4.53 × 104 cfu/mmol, and it is 104 times higher than that of control. Nano-Al2O3 can combine with plasmid coding for ARGs to form high-density package and prevent ARGs from degradation by endonuclease. The results of superresolution fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that nano-Al2O3 can carry ARGs for transmembrane transport. Genome-wide transcription microarray and qPCR indicate that SOS response was closely related to transduction-like ARG transformation mediated by nano-Al2O3. This study is the first to demonstrate that as a new transmembrane carrier, nano-Al2O3 can also cause ARGs diffusion in water.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389420322147