摘要

       大量的抗生素/消毒剂用于观赏鱼的养殖，以预防和治疗细菌感染。这可能会对抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的流行和传播施加相当大的选择压力。然而，观赏鱼行业废水中ARGs的含量及其潜在流行机制尚不清楚。在这项工作中，从位于中国北方的具有代表性的观赏鱼市场 (OFM) 收集废水，以研究 21 个 ARG 和 2 个整合酶基因的发生和丰度。结果表明，OFM废水中存在15种不同的ARGs和2种整合酶基因，浓度范围为2.01～10.34拷贝/L。 Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Verrucomicrobia 和 Firmicutes 是废水样品中的主要门。存在 17 种人类机会性病原体，相对丰度高达 0.01%，这表明病原体获得和传播 ARG 的风险相当大。此外，土霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、磺胺嘧啶和氯霉素在废水中最常见，浓度分别高达 1150、877、514、1970 和 1700 ng/L。值得注意的是，已确定 ARG 与 OFM 废水中的抗生素、非抗生素环境因素之间具有良好的相关性。目前的这项研究首次揭示，OFM 是 ARG 在水生环境和水环境因素（特别是抗生素）中的流行程度之前未被发现的储存库，它们在微生物群落中的诱导变化是 OFM 中 ARG 分布的关键因素.

       Large amounts of antibiotics/disinfectants are used in the farming of ornamental fish so as to prevent and treat bacterial infection. This may exert considerable selection pressures on the prevalence and propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the levels of ARGs and their potential prevalence mechanism in the wastewater of the ornamental fish industry remains unclear. In this work, wastewater is collected from a representative ornamental fish market (OFM) that is located at the northern China to study the occurrence and abundance of 21 ARGs and 2 integrase genes. Results indicated that 15 different ARGs and 2 integrase genes are existent and prevalent in the wastewater of OFM, whereby concentrations range from 2.01 to 10.34 copies/L. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes are the predominant phyla in the wastewater samples. 17 species of human opportunistic pathogens are present with relative abundance of up to 0.01%, which suggests a considerable risk of pathogens acquiring and disseminating ARGs. Moreover, oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfadiazine, and chloramphenicol are most frequently detected in wastewater, with concentrations of up to 1150, 877, 514, 1970, and 1700 ng/L, respectively. Notably, good correlations have been determined among ARGs and antibiotics, non-antibiotic environmental factors in wastewater of OFM. This current study reveals, for the first time, that OFM is a previously unperceived reservoir for ARG prevalence in aquatic environment and water environmental factors (particularly antibiotics), and their induced shifts in the microbial communities are the key factors for distribution of ARGs in OFM.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749120370056