摘要

       吸入空气传播的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 会导致抗生素耐药性和潜在的健康风险。在现代社会，越来越多的人更多地呆在室内，然而，关于室内环境中空气传播的 ARGs 暴露及其相关风险的研究仍然有限。在这里，我们比较了天津一所大学宿舍、办公室和室外环境中气溶胶相关 ARG、细菌微生物组及其每日摄入量 (DI) 负担的差异。结果表明，与室外气溶胶相比，室内的 ARG 亚型和移动遗传元件 (MGE)（1-7 个数量级）、16S rRNA 基因（2-3 个数量级）和总可培养细菌的绝对丰度显着更高（ 1-3 个订单）。此外，我们观察到显着不同的空气传播细菌群落是导致室内和室外气溶胶中气溶胶相关 ARG 变化的主要驱动因素。值得注意的是，室内和室外气溶胶中高丰度的总细菌、潜在病原体属和 ARGs（特别是那些被病原体藏匿的），尤其是在室内，可能会增加吸入暴露的风险。从室内气溶胶中成功分离出人类病原体，如伊丽莎白金氏按蚊、肺炎克雷伯氏菌和 Delftia lacustris，这些病原体对“最后的”抗生素碳青霉烯类和多粘菌素 B 具有抗性，进一步表明室内暴露风险增加。总之，这项研究强调了与 ARG 相关的潜在风险及其在室内环境中对人类健康的吸入。

       Inhalation of airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can lead to antimicrobial resistance and potential health risk. In modern society, increasing individuals stay more indoors, however, studies regarding the exposure to airborne ARGs in indoor environments and the associated risks remain limited. Here, we compared the variance of aerosol-associated ARGs, bacterial microbiomes, and their daily intake (DI) burden in dormitory, office, and outdoor environments in a university in Tianjin. The results indicated that compared to outdoor aerosols, indoors exhibited significantly higher absolute abundance of both ARG subtypes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (1–7 orders of magnitude), 16S rRNA genes (2–3 orders), and total culturable bacteria (1–3 orders). Furthermore, we observed that significantly different airborne bacterial communities are the major drivers contributing to the variance of aerosol-associated ARGs in indoor and outdoor aerosols. Notably, the high abundances of total bacteria, potential pathogenic genera, and ARGs (particularly those harbored by pathogens) in indoor and outdoor aerosols, especially in indoors, may pose an increased exposure risk via inhalation. The successful isolation of human pathogens such as Elizabethkingia anopheles, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Delftia lacustris resistant to the “last-resort” antibiotics carbapenems and polymyxin B from indoor aerosols further indicated an increased exposure risk in indoors. Together, this study highlights the potential risks associated with ARGs and their inhalation to human health in indoor environments.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749120363089