摘要

       由于可能导致抗生素耐药性发展的抗生素选择压力的日益流行，磺胺类药物在环境中的存在是对公共健康的严重全球威胁。我们报告了使用 Fe3O4-ZSM-5 作为催化剂 (Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb) 和木质纤维素生物质 (Lb) 的 Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Pc) 对磺胺二甲氧嘧啶 (SDM) 的增强生物降解。在 Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb 系统中，在 pH 7.0 条件下，SDM 在 4 天内完全降解。进行了转录组学、代谢物和自由基分析，以探索 SDM 降解的详细分子机制。与单独的 Pc 相比，Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb 系统中总共 246 个 Pc 基因表现出显着的上调。编码纤维素酶、细胞色素 P450、纤维二糖醌氧化还原酶和纤维二糖脱氢酶的基因上调参与了 Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb 系统中的 SDM 降解。此外，编码谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和与氧化应激和解毒相关的细胞色素P450基因的基因均显着上调（P < 0.01）。电子顺磁共振揭示了自由基 dotOH 的产生，表明 Fe3O4-ZSM-5 和酶可以催化自由基途径。这些催化剂辅助 SDM 生物降解的发现对于修复受污染废水中的抗生素非常有价值。

       The occurrence of sulfonamides in the environment is a severe global threat to public health due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic selection pressure that may lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. We report an enhanced biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Pc) with lignocellulosic biomass (Lb) using Fe3O4-ZSM-5 as a catalyst (Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb). SDM was completely degraded within 4 days at pH 7.0 in the Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb system. Transcriptomic, metabolites and free radical analyses were performed to explore the detailed molecular mechanisms of SDM degradation. A total of 246 genes of Pc in the Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb system exhibited significant upregulation compared to that in Pc alone. Upregulated genes encoding cellulases, cytochrome P450, cellobiose quinone oxidoreductase, and cellobiose dehydrogenase were involved in SDM degradation in the Pc/Fe3O4-ZSM-5/Lb system. In addition, genes encoding glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genes related to oxidative stress and detoxification were all significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). Electron paramagnetic resonance revealed the generation of radical dotOH suggesting a free radical pathway could be catalyzed by Fe3O4-ZSM-5 and the enzymes. These findings of catalyst-assisted SDM biodegradation will be valuable for remediation of antibiotics from contaminated wastewater.

       https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721007099