摘要

       制药废水处理厂 (PWWTP) 中的高水平抗生素残留使这些植物成为抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 增殖的热点。本研究调查了中国北方两个全规模污水处理厂在每个加工阶段中对磺胺、四环素、β-内酰胺和大环内酯耐药性的 11 个 ARG 亚型的去向和去除。最终流出物中典型 ARG 亚型的水平范围从 (2.56 ± 0.13) × 101 到 (2.36 ± 0.11) × 107 拷贝/毫升。出水中ARGs的绝对丰度仅占两个PWWTPs进水的0.03-78.1%，而大部分ARGs以(2.65 ± 0.43) × 105到(4.270 ×3 ±3)的浓度被输送到脱水污泥中。 1010份/克干重（dw）。通过脱水污泥加出水排放的 ARGs 总负荷比原始进水高 1.01-14.09 倍，表明 ARGs 的增殖发生在废水处理中。 ARGs 的增殖主要发生在曝气池、缺氧池、序批式反应器 (SBR) 和生物接触氧化等生物处理过程中，促进了各种 ARGs 的增殖，暗示某些 ARG 亚型的显着复制可能归因于微生物生长。化学氧化似乎有望去除 ARG，去除效率范围为 29.3 至 85.7%，而偏相关分析显示抗生素浓度与 ARG 去除之间存在显着相关性。因此，PWWTP 中的高抗生素残留可能会影响相关 ARG 亚型的增殖、命运和去除。

        The high levels of antibiotic residues in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) make these plants the hotspots for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the fate and removal of 11 ARG subtypes for sulfonamide, tetracycline, β-lactam, and macrolide resistance in each processing stage of two full-scale PWWTPs in northern China. The levels of typical ARG subtypes in the final effluents ranged from (2.56 ± 0.13) × 101 to (2.36 ± 0.11) × 107 copies/ml. The absolute abundance of ARGs in effluents accounted for only 0.03–78.1 % of influents of the two PWWTPs, while the majority of the ARGs were transported to the dewatered sludge with concentrations from (2.65 ± 0.43) × 105 to (4.27 ± 0.03) × 1010 copies/g dry weight (dw). The total loads of ARGs discharged through dewatered sludge plus effluent was 1.01–14.09-fold higher than that in the raw influents, suggesting the proliferation of ARGs occurred in the wastewater treatment. The proliferation of ARGs mainly occurs in biological treatment process, such as aeration tank, anoxic tank, sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and bio-contact oxidation, facilitates the proliferation of various ARGs, implying significant replication of certain ARG subtypes may be attributable to microbial growth. Chemical oxidation seems promising to remove ARGs, with removal efficiency ranged from 29.3 to 85.7 %, while the partial correlation analysis showed significant correlations between antibiotic concentration and ARG removal. Thus, the high antibiotic residues within the PWWTPs may have an influence on the proliferation, fate, and removal of the associated ARG subtypes.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-016-6350-9