摘要

       河流系统通常被认为是抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的天然储存库，更容易受到人为活动的影响。本研究于 2017 年 3 月和 7 月调查了中国西安巴河中 7 大类 14 种抗生素以及 23 种相应 ARGs 的发生和分布情况。磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类和四环素类在85.7% 到 100%。分别在水样（高达 8.54×102ngL-1）和沉积物样本（高达 2.08×103μgkg-1）中检测到高浓度的四环素。与 3 月份相比，7 月份的抗生素总浓度要高得多。就绝对丰度而言，sul1、tetA、tetC、tetZ、gyrA、ermF、cmlA 和 blaTEM 是主要的 ARG。与 7 月相比，3 月的水样和沉积物样品中，除 sul3 外，ARGs 的相对丰度没有显着差异。四环素类与tet基因呈正相关，其余抗生素与其对应的ARGs无显着相关性，表明环境因素和交叉选择可能显着影响ARGs的分布。进行冗余分析以进一步预测环境因素对抗生素和ARG丰度的影响。研究结果表明，人为活动对抗生素污染的持续存在显着影响。

       The riverine system is usually considered as a natural reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and more susceptible to anthropogenic activities. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 14 antibiotics belonging to 7 categories together with 23 corresponding ARGs in Ba River of Xi'an China were investigated in March and July 2017. Sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines were detected in high frequencies ranged from 85.7% to 100%. Tetracyclines were detected with high concentrations in water samples (up to 8.54 × 102 ng L−1) and sediment samples (up to 2.08 × 103 μg kg−1), respectively. The total concentrations of antibiotics were much higher in July in comparison with March. The sul1, tetA, tetC, tetZ, gyrA, ermF, cmlA and blaTEM were the predominant ARGs in terms of absolute abundance. For both water and sediment samples in March compared with July, the relative abundance of ARGs had no significant difference except for sul3. The tetracyclines had positive correlation with tet genes, whereas the remaining antibiotics had no significant correlations with their corresponding ARGs, suggesting that environmental factors and cross-selection may significantly influenced the distribution of ARGs. Redundancy analysis was performed to further predict the influences of environmental factors on antibiotics and ARG abundance. The findings suggest that anthropogenic activities contribute significantly to the persistence of antibiotics pollution.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969718322253